Subject: Nature 19 April 2007 Volume 446 Number 7138, pp831-948

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 18 Apr 2007 14:22:25 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 446 Number 7138 pp831-948

| |
Nature Podcast

In this issue
Editorials
Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Books and Arts
Essay
News and Views
Articles
Letters
Corrigendum
Technology Features

Also this week
Authors
Editor's summary
AOP

Let Your Gene Expression Analysis Take Off!
Learn about Roche Applied Science products for gene expression analysis using real-time PCR. Take advantage of outstanding product offers and a chance to win premium prizes.
Visit www.roche-applied-science.com/geafly

Sign up for e-alerts
Recommend to your library
Web feed
Japanese table of contents
Available online only
Subscribe

IT'S NOW FREE TO POST YOUR VACANCY ON

It's the breakthrough you've been waiting for. Naturejobs.com - the scientific jobs board from Nature now lets you advertise your vacancy completely FREE OF CHARGE
Go to www.naturejobs.com/postmyjob or telephone:
Europe: +44 (0) 20 78434961
US: + 1 800 9897718

Nature Medicine
Focus on Tuberculosis

In what direction is the field of tuberculosis going? By bringing together input from top scientists, analysts and decision makers, this focus identifies the recent papers with the most impact in the discipline and identifies the key issues that are shaping our thinking in this field. This focus is supported by the Principal Sponsor AstraZeneca and the supporting Sponsors Johnson & Johnson and Tibotec.

Visit www.nature.com/nm/focus/tuberculosis

French election special

In a 9-page French election special in this weeks Nature, the three main contenders in France's presidential election respond to our questions on their plans for French science and technology.

The special also canvasses opinions across the French research spectrum, from young researchers to reformers and industrialists, on what they see as the challenges facing science in France.

Editorials

Top

Plus ça change? p831
The winner of France's election will find scientists willing to support the right kind of reforms.
10.1038/446831a
Full Text | PDF

Small steps forward p832
The presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo, whatever its pitfalls, has been positive for Nigerian science.
10.1038/446832a
Full Text | PDF

Addicted to secrecy p832
Sealed drug documents should be opened up.
10.1038/446832b
Full Text | PDF

Research Highlights

Top

Research highlights p834
10.1038/446834a
Full Text | PDF

News

Top

Colliders race for the Higgs p836
Setbacks at CERN offer Tevatron a chance to snatch the prize.
Sarah Tomlin
10.1038/446836a
Full Text | PDF

Interim view from NASA relativity probe p837
Results close in on Einstein's prediction.
Sarah Tomlin
10.1038/446837a
Full Text | PDF

Evidence for fourth neutrino fades p837
Fermilab detector quashes sterile particle.
Jenny Hogan
10.1038/446837b
Full Text | PDF

Court case to reclaim confidential data p838
Prosecution highlights how drug data can be removed from public view.
Jim Giles
10.1038/446838a
Full Text | PDF

Ozone sensor to be reinstated p839
Axed US instrument will fly at last.
Emma Marris
10.1038/446839a
Full Text | PDF

Make way for monkeys p840
Macaque genome sequence provides sideways look at human disease.
Erika Check
10.1038/446840a
Full Text | PDF

Chimps lead evolutionary race p841
More chimpanzee genes have been positively selected for than human ones.
Michael Hopkin
10.1038/446841a
Full Text | PDF

Sidelines p841
10.1038/446841b
Full Text | PDF

Stem-cell issue moves up the US agenda p842
Senate vote aims to promote debate.
Meredith Wadman
10.1038/446842a
Full Text | PDF

Business

Top

Moment of reckoning p844
Fresh laws on the regulation of medicines are working their way through the US Congress — but will they strike the right balance between public safety and innovation? Meredith Wadman investigates.
10.1038/446844a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

In brief p845
10.1038/446845a
Full Text | PDF

Market watch p845
Colin Macilwain
10.1038/446845b
Full Text | PDF

News Features

Top

French election: The candidates respond p847
France's presidential elections are taking place at a time of deep debate over the French research community's standing and prospects. To further the debate, Nature's Declan Butler submitted a list of questions on research issues to the three leading candidates. Their full responses, in both French and English, are on our website. Here we present extracts:
10.1038/446847a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

French election: Let science speak for itself p850
You've heard what the presidential candidates think the challenges facing science in France are. Nature also canvassed opinion across the French research spectrum: from young researchers to reformers and industrialists. Declan Butler reports.
10.1038/446850a
Full Text | PDF

French election: Is French science in decline... p854
...or have its failings been greatly exaggerated? Declan Butler finds out.
10.1038/446854a
Full Text | PDF

Correspondence

Top

Other riffs on cooperation are already showing how well a wiki could work p856
John D. Osborne, Simon Lin and Warren A. Kibbe
10.1038/446856a
Full Text | PDF

Law and research could add up to profitable niche drugs p856
Burkhard Haefner
10.1038/446856b
Full Text | PDF

Why do so few women speak at science meetings? p856
Pamela A. Silver
10.1038/446856c
Full Text | PDF

Who will start the 3Rs ball rolling for animal welfare? p856
Victoria Buck
10.1038/446856d
Full Text | PDF

Books and Arts

Top

Relative confusion p857
The implications of Einstein's special and general theories of relativity were not immediately apparent.
William Unruh reviews The Curious History of Relativity: How Einstein's Theory of Gravity was Lost and Found Again by Jean Eisenstaedt
10.1038/446857a
Full Text | PDF

A hunger for company p858
Gary Paul Nabhan reviews Feast: Why Humans Share Food by Martin Jones
10.1038/446858a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Here's looking at you p859
Serendib by David Zellnik
Alan Packer
10.1038/446859a
Full Text | PDF

No firm promises p859
Keith Redpath reviews Science Business: The Promise, the Reality, and the Future of Biotech by Gary P. Pisano
10.1038/446859b
Full Text | PDF

Essay

Top

Rules of engagement p860
Complex engineered and biological systems share protocol-based architectures that make them robust and evolvable, but with hidden fragilities to rare perturbations.
John Doyle and Marie Csete
10.1038/446860a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

News and Views

Top

Palaeobotany: A tree without leaves p861
The puzzle presented by the famous stumps of Gilboa, New York, finds a solution in the discovery of two fossil specimens that allow the entire structure of these early trees to be reconstructed.
Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud and Anne-Laure Decombeix
10.1038/446861a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

50 & 100 Years Ago p862
10.1038/446862a
Full Text | PDF

Earth science: When crust is bred p863
An analysis of the distribution of helium-isotope ratios in oceanic extrusions from Earth's mantle seems to establish a connection with the spread of ages in continental crust. What mechanism might underlie this?
Don Porcelli
10.1038/446863a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

RNA silencing: Genomic defence with a slice of pi p864
In fruit flies, a few very large genes generate the small RNAs that silence parasitic DNA elements. These RNAs might also participate in an amplification circuit that increases their potency.
Phillip D. Zamore
10.1038/446864a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Neurobiology: Feeling right about doing right p865
Reason and emotion come into conflict in making all kinds of judgements. Results of work with brain-damaged patients constitute one line of evidence that the emotional component is not to be dismissed.
Deborah Talmi and Chris Frith
10.1038/446865a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Quantum mechanics: To be or not to be local p866
The experimental violation of mathematical relations known as Bell's inequalities sounded the death-knell of Einstein's idea of 'local realism' in quantum mechanics. But which concept, locality or realism, is the problem?
Alain Aspect
10.1038/446866a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Cell biology: The checkpoint brake relieved p868
When a cell divides, each daughter cell inherits a complete set of chromosomes. A sophisticated inhibitory mechanism delays chromosome segregation and cell division until everything is in its place.
Jan-Michael Peters
10.1038/446868a
Full Text | PDF

Social science: The urban organism p869
Richard Webb
10.1038/446869a
Full Text | PDF

Correction p869
10.1038/446869b
Full Text | PDF

Obituary: Donald E. Osterbrock (1924–2007) p870
Astrophysicist and historian of astronomy.
Joseph S. Miller
10.1038/446870a
Full Text | PDF

Articles

Top

An experimental test of non-local realism p871
According to Bell's theorem, any theory that is based on the joint assumption of realism and locality is at variance with certain quantum predictions. Here, theory and experiment agree that a class of such non-local realistic theories is incompatible with experimentally observable quantum correlations, suggesting that giving up the concept of locality is not sufficient to be consistent with quantum experiments, unless certain intuitive features of realism are abandoned.
Simon Gröblacher et al.
10.1038/nature05677
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Aspect

Anaphase initiation is regulated by antagonistic ubiquitination and deubiquitination activities p876
Frank Stegmeier et al.
10.1038/nature05694
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Peters

Opposing LSD1 complexes function in developmental gene activation and repression programmes p882
Jianxun Wang et al.
10.1038/nature05671
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

Letters

Top

Iron meteorite evidence for early formation and catastrophic disruption of protoplanets p888
Cooling rates for group IVA iron meteorites that range from 100 to 6,000KMyr-1 are reported. Improvements in the cooling rate model, smaller error bars, and new data from an independent cooling rate indicator show that the conventional interpretation is no longer viable. Our results require that the IVA meteorites cooled in a 300-km-diameter metallic body that lacked an insulating mantle.
Jijin Yang, Joseph I. Goldstein and Edward R. D. Scott
10.1038/nature05735
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

A quantum scattering interferometer p892
Precise measurements of quantum scattering phase shifts have not been possible because the number of scattered atoms depends on phase shifts as well as the atomic density, which cannot be measured precisely. An alternative type of scattering experiment circumvents this problem, using interferometric measurements to detect phase shifts in a density-independent manner.
Russell A. Hart, Xinye Xu, Ronald Legere and Kurt Gibble
10.1038/nature05680
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Regioselective one-pot protection of carbohydrates p896
A new method is used to selectively protect individual hydroxyl groups of a monosaccharide. Hundreds of building blocks have been efficiently prepared starting from D-glucose, and the iterative coupling of these building blocks enabled assembly of a library of oligosaccharides based on the influenza virus-binding trisaccharide.
Cheng-Chung Wang et al.
10.1038/nature05730
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Helium isotopic evidence for episodic mantle melting and crustal growth p900
A study shows that the spectrum of helium ratios in ocean island basalts seems to preserve the mantle's depletion history, closely correlating with the ages of proposed continental growth pulses. The correspondence between the ages of mantle depletion events and pulses of crustal production implies that the formation of the continental crust was episodic and punctuated by large, potentially global melting events.
S. W. Parman
10.1038/nature05691
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Porcelli

Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth’s earliest forest stumps at Gilboa p904
Description of a spectacular fossil tree from New York shows for the first time an intact crown belonging to a previously known plant taxon, the cladoxylopsid Wattieza, attached to an Eospermatopteris trunk and base. This complete fossil allows a detailed reconstruction of the appearance of the world’s earliest forests.
William E. Stein et al.
10.1038/nature05705
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Meyer-Berthaud Decombeix

Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgements p908
Moral reasoning is thought of as being a mostly rational process. But it is shown that patients with lesions in an area of the brain necessary for the normal general emotions produce an abnormally 'utilitarian' pattern of judgments on certain types of moral dilemmas. The findings support an essential role for emotion in the generation of certain types of judgments.
Michael Koenigs et al.
10.1038/nature05631
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Talmi Frith

A new perceptual illusion reveals mechanisms of sensory decoding p912
Perceptual illusions are thought to arise from the way sensory signals are encoded, but this details how one could result from the way the brain decodes sensory information. Different pools of neurons contribute the most information in different motion discrimination tasks, and human observers display perceptual biases in the tasks that could correspond to the different neural decoding strategies.
Mehrdad Jazayeri and J. Anthony Movshon
10.1038/nature05739
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

TRIM25 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RIG-I-mediated antiviral activity p916
The cytoplasmic receptor RIG-I recognizes viral RNAs and initiates a protective innate immune response against a number of important viruses. Here, it is shown that RIG-I is regulated by ubiquitination.
Michaela U. Gack et al.
10.1038/nature05732
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Ubiquitination by the anaphase-promoting complex drives spindle checkpoint inactivation p921
One of two papers that identify a new regulatory mechanism that controls the spindle checkpoint. This involves the fine-tuned ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination of a co-activator of the anaphase promoting complex APC to regulate the timing of APC activation and thereby the onset of anaphase.
S. K. Reddy, M. Rape, W. A. Margansky and M. W. Kirschner
10.1038/nature05734
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Peters

Unproductive splicing of SR genes associated with highly conserved and ultraconserved DNA elements p926
A function is defined for ultraconserved elements (UCEs), extragenic regions of eukaryotic genomes can show high degrees of conservation across species. It is also found that when alternative splicing (mediated by splicing regulator proteins) leads to UCE incorporation into the splicing regulator protein’s mRNA, the mRNA is targeted for degradation. Thus, the UCEs help promote negative feedback regulation of the splicing regulator gene expression.
Liana F. Lareau et al.
10.1038/nature05676
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

A stepwise mechanism for acetylcholine receptor channel gating p930
Prasad Purohit, Ananya Mitra and Anthony Auerbach
10.1038/nature05721
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Corrigendum

Top

Postnatal isl1+ cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages p934
K.-L. Laugwitz et al.
10.1038/nature05790
Full Text | PDF

Technology Features

Top

Cell biology: Close-up on cell biology p937
To define the workings of cellular structures and molecules requires cutting-edge technology not only in biology and biochemistry, but also now in nanotechnology. Hayley M. Birch and Julie Clayton report.
Hayley M. Birch and Julie Clayton
10.1038/446937a
Full Text | PDF

Cell biology: Cell culture in three dimensions p937
10.1038/446937b
Full Text | PDF

Cell biology: Down to the letter p940
10.1038/446940a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Cell biology: Table of suppliers p941
10.1038/446941a
Full Text | PDF

Advance Online Publication

Top

18 April 2007
LETTER
Image statistics and the perception of surface qualities
Isamu Motoyoshi, Shin'ya Nishida, Lavanya Sharan & Edward H. Adelson
doi:10.1038/nature05724
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

NEWS AND VIEWS
Visual perception: A gloss on surface properties
Michael S. Landy
doi:10.1038/nature05714
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Nature Reports: Stem Cells launching in spring 2007, will be a hub of information on stem cells, including biology, ethical implications, and clinical applications. Go to www.nature.com/reports/stemcells for all the latest news and research findings, comment and analysis on stem cell research.

| |

| | Project Director (w/m) | | Business Analysis/Development | | Kelly Scientific Resources | | Nordrhein-Westfalen |
| | |
| Full Professor Integrative Bioinformatics | | Bioinformatics|Biological Sciences| | | Vrije Universiteit | | Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | |
| PhD Studentship | | Biomedical Sciences|Physics|Life Sciences|Immunology|Physiology| | | Napier University | | Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | |
| PhD Studentship | | Infectious Diseases|Medical Sciences|Clinical Medicine|Life Sciences|Physical Biology| | | King's College London | | London, United Kingdom
| | |
| PhD Studentship Characterising glycans involved in barnacle gregariousness | | Biochemistry|Biological Sciences|Chemistry|Molecular Biology| | | Newcastle University | | Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | |

More Naturejobs

| |
| | | | | |

| |

Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the 2007 Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here.

| |

More Nature Products

More Nature Events

| |

You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount
(You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).

For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department

For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department

For other enquiries, please contact our feedback department

Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices:
London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne
San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston
Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.