Subject: Nature 02 August 2007 Volume 448 Number 7153, pp511-622

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2007 14:18:06 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 448 Number 7153 511-622

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Editorials
Research Highlights
News
News in Brief
Column
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Books and Arts
News and Views
News and Views Q&A
Articles
Letters
Naturejobs
Futures

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Editorials

Top

Free at last p511
The liberation of six foreign health workers, held without cause in Libya, is to be welcomed. Now Libya should face facts — and clear their names.
doi:10.1038/448511a
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Board games p511
The way research on human subjects is overseen in the United States requires reform.
doi:10.1038/448511b
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A sporting chance p512
Bans on drug enhancement in sport may go the way of earlier prohibitions on women and remuneration.
doi:10.1038/448512a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p514
doi:10.1038/448514a
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Correction p515
doi:10.1038/448515a
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News

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The mouse map gets a lot more signposts p516
Researchers pin down what makes a lab mouse.
Ewen Callaway
doi:10.1038/448516a
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Q&A: Jürgen Graeser p517
The first Westerner invited to spend time on a Russian drifting station contemplates his eight-month voyage to the North Pole.
doi:10.1038/448517a
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Special report

China's green accounting system on shaky ground p518
Beijing is attempting to introduce a 'green GDP' accounting scheme as a way of ranking local governments' success in achieving economic growth that does not cost the environment. But the scheme is faltering at the pilot stage due to political infighting, says Jane Qiu.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/448518a
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Sidelines p520
doi:10.1038/448520a
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Russia at forefront of Arctic land-grab p520
Countries battle over ownership of lucrative seabed.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/448520b
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New life for nuclear warheads p520
US starts work on its first mixed-oxide plant.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/448520c
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Implant boosts activity in injured brain p522
Deep-brain stimulation offers hope for minimally conscious patients.
Michael Hopkin
doi:10.1038/448522a
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See also: Editor's summary

Flatworms' starring role in stem-cell research p522
Biologists hope insight into cell differentiation and communication will transfer to humans.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/448522b
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News in Brief

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News in brief p523
doi:10.1038/448523a
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Column

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Party of One
Making room for dissent p524
Washington has reached an easy consensus on the need to train more scientists and engineers but, argues David Goldston, the United States needs to consider a broader approach to combat global competition.
David Goldston
doi:10.1038/448524a
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Business

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Swiss on a roll p525
Smart investors who know the drugs business well are helping to make Zurich's stock market a popular place for biotechnology firms to raise money. Andrea Chipman reports.
doi:10.1038/448525a
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News Features

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Future crops: The other greenhouse effect p526
Rising carbon dioxide levels should increase crop yields. But what if their effect on the nutritional value of our food is less benign, asks Ned Stafford.
doi:10.1038/448526a
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See also: Editor's summary

Human-subjects research: Trial and error p530
The ethics committees that oversee research done in humans have been attacked from all sides. Heidi Ledford recounts the struggle to come up with alternatives.
doi:10.1038/448530a
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See also: Editor's summary

Correspondence

Top

Profit or perish even worse than publish or perish p533
Edward Kiegle
doi:10.1038/448533a
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Interdisciplinary research could pull cash into science p533
John R. Helliwell
doi:10.1038/448533b
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The 'hundred surnames' of China run into thousands p533
Dafeng Hui
doi:10.1038/448533c
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University speaks up in dispute over cancer centre p533
Virgil Renzulli
doi:10.1038/448533d
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Climate information helps homeowners make choices p533
David Purcell
doi:10.1038/448533e
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See also: Editor's summary

Books and Arts

Top

Social climbers p535
Does a baboon's success in social situations depend solely on learning the rules of the game?
Asif A. Ghazanfar reviews Baboon Metaphysics: The Evolution of a Social Mind by Dorothy L. Cheney and Robert M. Seyfarth
doi:10.1038/448535a
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The atomic peacemaker p536
Yaron Ezrahi reviews Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, War, Peace, and the Bomb
doi:10.1038/448536a
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Nervous systems made simple p537
Eve Marder reviews An Introduction to Nervous Systems by Ralph Greenspan
doi:10.1038/448537a
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Science in culture: Consulting nature's pattern-book p538
Peter Randall-Page's massive granite sculpture for the Eden Project emulates natural form.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/448538a
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News and Views

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Neurology: An awakening p539
Neuroscientists and engineers are developing ways to help patients overcome paralysis and stroke. But what about mental function itself? Can medical intervention restore consciousness?
Michael N. Shadlen and Roozbeh Kiani
doi:10.1038/448539a
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See also: Editor's summary

Climate change: Aerosols heat up p541
Solid particles suspended in the atmosphere have long played second fiddle to greenhouse gases as agents of climate change. A study of atmospheric heating over the Indian Ocean could provoke a rethink.
Peter Pilewskie
doi:10.1038/448541a
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See also: Editor's summary

Microbiology: The inside story p542
The human intestine is home to trillions of bacteria. Investigation of the colonization of the infant gut by these microorganisms is a prelude to understanding how they may act in both health and disease.
Laurie E. Comstock
doi:10.1038/448542a
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Applied physics: Champing at the bit p544
When two 'bits' of magnetic information race around a nanoscale wire, two factors determine whether or not they survive the course: the condition of the track, and how fast they respond to the starting signal.
Russell P. Cowburn
doi:10.1038/448544a
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Cancer: Broken genes in solid tumours p545
Mutations that cause portions of two genes to fuse together and form a hybrid gene are frequent in blood-related cancers. New findings implicate one such fusion gene in the most common type of lung cancer.
Matthew Meyerson
doi:10.1038/448545a
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See also: Editor's summary

50 & 100 Years Ago p546
doi:10.1038/448546a
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Magnetism: Managed mess p546
The presence of non-magnetic atoms can create a random internal field in magnetic crystals. Tuning that field from outside allows the intrinsic magnetic properties of the material to be precisely controlled.
Zachary Fisk
doi:10.1038/448546b
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See also: Editor's summary

Cancer: An infernal triangle p547
Signals induced by sex hormones and inflammation have been viewed as different aspects of tumour development. But a three-way interaction between these two classes of signal and carcinogenesis has emerged.
Alberto Mantovani
doi:10.1038/448547a
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Genomic biology: The epigenomic era opens p548
Readout of information from the genome depends on intricate regulation of how DNA is packaged by proteins. The great endeavour to reveal how this packaging operates pan-genomically is now under way.
Stephen B. Baylin and Kornel E. Schuebel
doi:10.1038/448548a
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See also: Editor's summary

News and Views Q&A

Top

Biodiversity: Climate change and the ecologist p550
The evidence for rapid climate change now seems overwhelming. Global temperatures are predicted to rise by up to 4 °C by 2100, with associated alterations in precipitation patterns. Assessing the consequences for biodiversity, and how they might be mitigated, is a Grand Challenge in ecology.
Wilfried Thuiller
doi:10.1038/448550a
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See also: Editor's summary

Articles

Top

Genome-wide maps of chromatin state in pluripotent and lineage-committed cells p553
Single-molecule-based sequencing technology is applied to generate genome-wide maps of chromatin modifications in mammalian cells. Histone marks can discriminate genes that are active, poised for activation, or stably repressed and therefore reflect cell state and developmental potential.
Tarjei S. Mikkelsen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06008
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Baylin and Schuebel

Identification of the transforming EML4–ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer p561
A small inversion of chromosome 2p has been found in a significant proportion of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. This inversion gives rise to a fusion protein comprising portions of EML4 and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK, which functions as a transforming oncogenes. Oncogenic translocations are frequent in haematopoietic tumours, but have only rarely been found in solid tumours.
Manabu Soda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05945
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Meyerson

Letters

Top

A ferromagnet in a continuously tunable random field p567
This paper reports the discovery that a simply measured magnetic response is singular above the Curie temperature of a model, disordered magnet, and that the associated singularity grows to an anomalous divergence at TC . The origin of the singular response is the random internal field induced by an external magnetic field transverse to the favoured direction for magnetization.
D. M. Silevitch et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06050
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Fisk

Electronic spin transport and spin precession in single graphene layers at room temperature p571
A study of the transport of electron spin in single layers of graphene examines how graphene could be a promising material for spintronics applications. Experiments carried out by contacting graphene sheets with four ferromagnetic cobalt electrodes through a thin insulating layer find that electron spin is transported over lengths of 1–2 micrometres. It is expected that longer distances should be possible by improving the electronic quality of the samples.
Nikolaos Tombros et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06037
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption p575
Measurement of aerosol concentrations, soot amount and solar fluxes over the polluted Indian Ocean using three vertically stacked light weight unmanned aerial vehicles finds that atmospheric brown clouds enhance lower atmospheric solar heating by about 50 per cent. A model study also suggests that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.
Veerabhadran Ramanathan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06019
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Pilewskie

Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses p579
Justin L. Rubinstein et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06017
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Jaws and teeth of the earliest bony fishes p583
The first unambiguous evidence for osteichthyan (bony fishes, including tetrapods) characters in two previously known Late Silurian (423–416 Myr) fishes is reported, demonstrating that they are not only the oldest, but phylogenetically the most primitive osteichthyans known to date
Hector Botella et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05989
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Morphological evolution through multiple cis-regulatory mutations at a single gene p587
Alistair P. McGregor et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05988
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

A genome-wide association study identifies KIAA0350 as a type 1 diabetes gene p591
Type 1 diabetes poses an increasing health problem, and clearly results from both genetic and environmental factors. A genome-wide association study has identified at least one gene, previously unexamined in diabetes, which should be followed up in future studies.
Hakon Hakonarson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06010
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Distinct classes of chromosomal rearrangements create oncogenic ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer p595
Distinct translocation mechanisms and additional translocation partners for ETS genes are found in prostate cancer. This study also provides the first functional evidence that ETS gene deregulation can promote cancer cell invasion in cell lines and pre-malignant prostate lesions in a transgenic mouse model.
Scott A. Tomlins et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06024
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury p600
There are currently no reliable means for enhancing recovery from extended loss of consciousness following traumatic brain injury. But this paper demonstrates that bilateral deep brain stimulation in the thalamus of a single subject, in a minimally conscious state after brain injury that occured six years earlier, can increase behavioural responsiveness and function.
N. D. Schiff et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06041
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Shadlen and Kiani

Common effector processing mediates cell-specific responses to stimuli p604
A systems-modelling approach is used to address the question of why cells often respond in a cell type-specific manner to stimulation or pertubations of the signalling network. It shows that the main determinant of cell specificity is the type, strength and combination of upstream signalling events. These cell-type specific signals are integrated by common effectors to create cell type specific outcomes.
Kathryn Miller-Jensen, Kevin A. Janes, Joan S. Brugge and Douglas A. Lauffenburger
doi:10.1038/nature06001
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Crystal structure of a human membrane protein involved in cysteinyl leukotriene biosynthesis p609
This paper reports the X-ray crystal structure of leukotriene C4 synthase (the pivotal enzyme for the biosynthesis of leukotriene C4), in a complex with glutathione at 3.3 Angstrom. This work may provide a structural basis for the development of new leukotriene C4 synthase inhibitors.
Hideo Ago et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05936
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Structural basis for synthesis of inflammatory mediators by human leukotriene C4 synthase p613
The X-ray crystal structure of human leukotriene C4 synthase, in its apo- and glutathione -complexed forms at 2.00 and 2.15 Å resolution, respectively, is solved. The structure of the enzyme in complex with substrate reveals that the active site enforces a horseshoe-shaped conformation of glutathione and positions its thiol group in a way that explains the selectivity of its chemical reaction.
Daniel Martinez Molina et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06009
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Naturejobs

Top

Prospects p617
Climate science buzz doesn't necessarily translate into climate science jobs.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7153-617a
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Special Report
Climate of opportunity p618
Awareness about climate change is at an all-time high. Will this surge of attention translate into more jobs for climate scientists? Amanda Haag reports.
Amanda Haag
doi:10.1038/nj7153-618a
Full Text | PDF

Futures

Top

Junk p622
Be careful what you throw away.
Gord Sellar
doi:10.1038/448622a
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Advance Online Publication

Top

01 August 2007
LETTERS
A central integrator of transcription networks in plant stress and energy signalling
Elena Baena-González, Filip Rolland, Johan M. Thevelein & Jen Sheen
doi:10.1038/nature06069
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Break-induced replication and telomerase-independent telomere maintenance require Pol32
John R. Lydeard, Suvi Jain, Miyuki Yamaguchi & James E. Haber
doi:10.1038/nature06047
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

29 July 2007
LETTER
A sequence-based variation map of 8.27 million SNPs in inbred mouse strains
Kelly A. Frazer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06067
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Nature Materials - Impact Factor soars to new heights
Standing tall at 19.194 (2006 ISI Journal Citation reports) this 20% increase confirms and strengthens our position not only as the leading primary research journal in materials science but also across all related physical sciences.

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