Subject: Nature 26 July 2007 Volume 448 Number 7152, pp387-510

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 25 Jul 2007 14:17:03 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 448 Number 7152 387-510

| |
Nature Podcast

In this issue
Editorials
Research Highlights
News
News in Brief
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Commentary
Books and Arts
News and Views
Review
Articles
Letters
Naturejobs
Futures

Also this week
Authors
Editor's summary
Nature Podcast
AOP

Sign up for e-alerts
Recommend to your library
Web feed
Japanese table of contents
Available online only
Subscribe

Advertisement

Nature Reports Stem Cells is now live!

Go now to this hub of information on stem cells, including biology, ethical implications, and clinical applications.

www.nature.com/reports/stemcells has all the latest news and research findings, comment and analysis on stem cell research.

Nature Collections AIDS

Despite global efforts to improve access to treatment, existing HIV/AIDS therapies are still not reaching the majority of those in need. This Nature collection draws together recent molecular and cellular studies on the interplay between HIV and the immune system, which are helping to advance the search for an effective vaccine and new drugs to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Go to the collection online or request your free sample copy!

Editorials

Top

Nuclear test p387
Japan's response to an earthquake highlights both the promise and the pitfalls of nuclear power at a critical time for its future.
doi:10.1038/448387a
Full Text | PDF

Storm brewing p387
It's the season of discord at US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
doi:10.1038/448387b
Full Text | PDF

California dreaming p388
Universities should draw the line at certain types of support from the drug industry.
doi:10.1038/448388a
Full Text | PDF

Research Highlights

Top

Research highlights p390
doi:10.1038/448390a
Full Text | PDF

News

Top

Quake shuts world's largest nuclear plant p392
No one died as a result of Japan's latest nuclear incident and environmental damage seem have been mostly avoided. But is this testimony to successful plant design or a warning of impending disaster?
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/448392a
Full Text | PDF

Darfur lake is a 'mirage' p394
Geologists dismiss claims for ancient water source.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/448394a
Full Text | PDF

California campuses resist industry restrictions p394
Universities cling to links with drug firms.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/448394b
Full Text | PDF

Sidelines p396
doi:10.1038/448396a
Full Text | PDF

Carbon sinks threatened by increasing ozone p396
Pollutant poisons plants and hampers photosynthesis.
Michael Hopkin
doi:10.1038/448396b
Full Text | PDF

Diamonds 'melted' inside an onion p396
Crystals flicker under extreme conditions.
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/448396c
Full Text | PDF

Memory seen in the making p397
Synapses caught in the act of remembering.
Kerri Smith
doi:10.1038/448397a
Full Text | PDF

Libyan ordeal ends: medics freed p398
Plane takes medical workers to a pardon in Bulgaria.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/448398a
Full Text | PDF

Stem-cell researcher's move attracts funding p398
Part-time post could mean gains for California.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/448398b
Full Text | PDF

News in Brief

Top

News in brief p399
doi:10.1038/448399a
Full Text | PDF

Business

Top

The pain game p400
The safety problems that brought down Vioxx have tainted a whole class of drugs. Meredith Wadman examines their chances of a comeback.
doi:10.1038/448400a
Full Text | PDF

In brief p401
doi:10.1038/448401a
Full Text | PDF

Market watch p401
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/448401b
Full Text | PDF

News Features

Top

Conservation: Mark of respect p402
A project that gives Congolese pygmies new ways to tell logging companies about the trees that are important to them, and their own radio station to discuss community issues, is really putting their interests on the map, says Michael Hopkin.
doi:10.1038/448402a
Full Text | PDF

Science in comedy: Mmm... pi p404
Part of The Simpsons' greatness is a willingness to find the humour in absolutely everything — including science. Executive producer Al Jean, the show's head writer and a Harvard mathematics graduate, talks to Nature about how to get a laugh out of Euler's formula.
doi:10.1038/448404a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Research policy: The map man p406
Alan Krensky has been put in charge of a controversial new office responsible for charting the progress of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Meredith Wadman catches up with him in his first few days on the job.
doi:10.1038/448406a
Full Text | PDF

Correspondence

Top

Nobel laureates know what they're talking about p408
Burton Richter
doi:10.1038/448408a
Full Text | PDF

Nobel: politicians need the insights scientists can give p408
Henry Kelly
doi:10.1038/448408b
Full Text | PDF

How a naturalist found safe colours for soldiers p408
James T. Costa
doi:10.1038/448408c
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Post-publication review could aid skills and quality p408
Todd A. Gibson
doi:10.1038/448408d
Full Text | PDF

Correction p408
doi:10.1038/448408e
Full Text | PDF

Commentary

Top

Driving a wedge into the Amazon p409
Things are heating up in the Amazon as the burning season begins. In Brazil, a 30-year-old study of forest fragments is itself threatened by farming, logging and hunting, say William Laurance and Regina Luizão.
doi:10.1038/448409a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Books and Arts

Top

A man of peace p411
One scientist's journey from the Manhattan Project to the Nobel Peace Prize.
Malcolm Dando reviewsJoseph Rotblat: Visionary for Peace and
War and Peace: The Life and Work of Sir Joseph Rotblat
doi:10.1038/448411a
Full Text | PDF

Too much information p412
Ann Blair reviews Glut: Mastering Information Through the Ages by Alex Wright
doi:10.1038/448412a
Full Text | PDF

Introducing the extremophiles p413
Sean Nee reviews The Third Domain: The Untold Story of Archaea and the Future of Biotechnology by Tim Friend
doi:10.1038/448413a
Full Text | PDF

Science in culture: Mind tricks p414
Cognitive scientists take a lesson from magicians.
Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen L. Macknik
doi:10.1038/448414a
Full Text | PDF

News and Views

Top

Biochemistry: Uncharted route for antibiotics p415
In their battle for survival, soil microorganisms produce a vast arsenal of toxic molecules. One such toxin contains a unique sequence of atoms, and its biosynthesis includes some unexpected steps.
John P. Quinn
doi:10.1038/448415a
Full Text | PDF

Immunology: Narcissistic helpers p416
T helper-17 cells, which are involved in immune responses, arise from a pool of precursor cells. It emerges that their differentiation is partly mediated by the IL-21 protein, which originates from the helper cells themselves.
Matthew T. Palmer and Casey T. Weaver
doi:10.1038/448416a
Full Text | PDF

50 & 100 Years Ago p417
doi:10.1038/448417a
Full Text | PDF

Astrobiology: Photosynthesis in watercolours p418
The spectrum of stellar radiation available to an organism is altered by the atmosphere and water on the planet it inhabits. Study of this relationship can outline the limits to photosynthesis.
John Raven
doi:10.1038/448418a
Full Text | PDF

Mathematics: Some assembly needed p419
Origami, the ancient Japanese art of paper folding, is mathematically deeper than it looks. Delving into its complexities allows the construction of elaborate and useful structures from simple, flat templates.
Ian Stewart
doi:10.1038/448419a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Developmental biology: A ten per cent solution p420
In early embryos, a concentration gradient of the Bicoid protein affects pattern formation. Studies of living embryos reveal a surprising level of accuracy in the Bicoid gradient. But is it accurate enough?
John Reinitz
doi:10.1038/448420a
Full Text | PDF

Inflammatory disease: Assault on the guardian p421
In multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks 'self' tissues. Ten years after the discovery of one target of this autoimmunity, work with mice identifies it as a guardian protein produced in response to inflammation.
Richard M. Ransohoff
doi:10.1038/448421a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Quantum computing: Powered by symmetry p422
Forces determine how particles move and behave. But so can symmetry, and exchange symmetry can be used to control the interactions of ultracold atoms. This could be a big step towards practical quantum computation.
Johannes Hecker Denschlag
doi:10.1038/448422a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Immunology: Sensing the enemy within p423
Damaged or foreign DNA stimulates immune responses by inducing the production of interferon proteins. New evidence indicates that this response is mediated by a cytosolic DNA sensor known as DAI.
Hongbo Chi and Richard A. Flavell
doi:10.1038/448423a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Obituary: Horst Tobias Witt (1922–2007) p425
Seminal research on photosynthesis.
Wolfgang Junge and A. William Rutherford
doi:10.1038/448425a
Full Text | PDF

Review

Top

Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease p427
R. J. Xavier and D. K. Podolsky
doi:10.1038/nature06005
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Articles

Top

A lipid-based model for the creation of an escape hatch from the endoplasmic reticulum p435
Hidde L. Ploegh
doi:10.1038/nature06004
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

A transforming mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1 in cancer p439
A recurrent mutation found in the akt1 gene has been identified in breast, ovarian and colorectal tumours. The crystal structure of the mutant protein is determined and it is found that the protein displays in increased plasma membrane localization and functions as an oncogene in vitro and in a mouse model for leukaemia.
John D. Carpten et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05933
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Non-transcriptional control of DNA replication by c-Myc p445
A new, transcription-independent function for c-Myc is identified. It is found that c-Myc can bind factors involved in DNA replication, thereby causing DNA damage and affecting cell proliferation. This process may also contribute to oncogenesis.
David Dominguez-Sola et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05953
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Letters

Top

Controlled exchange interaction between pairs of neutral atoms in an optical lattice p452
An optical lattice of double-well potentials is used to isolate and manipulate arrays of paired 87Rb atoms, inducing controlled entangling interactions within each pair. Repeated interchange of spin between atoms occupying different vibrational levels occurs with a coherence time of more than ten milliseconds. This observation demonstrates the essential component of a quantum gate important for quantum computation.
Marco Anderlini et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06011
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Denschlag

Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper p457
A carbon nanocomposite paper-like material is demonstrated that has superior performance in stiffness, strength and flexibility. This graphene oxide paper is based on nanoscale graphene oxide sheets that are interlocked and tiled together in a near-parallel fashion.
Dmitriy A. Dikin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06016
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Detection of human influence on twentieth-century precipitation trends p461
A study that compares observed changes in precipitation over land averaged across latitudinal bands with changes simulated by climate models finds that human activity has had a detectable influence on the latitudinal pattern of precipitation change. Such human-induced changes contributed to the increase in precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes and the decrease in precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere tropics and subtropics that occurred over the twentieth century.
Xuebin Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06025
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Variation in styles of rifting in the Gulf of California p466
Results from the PESCADOR seismic experiment in the southern Gulf of California observe large differences in rifting style and magmatism over short lateral distances, concluding that variation in mantle 'fertility', rather than temperature, most likely accounts for the observed range in magmatism.
Daniel Lizarralde et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06035
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Genetic variants regulating ORMDL3 expression contribute to the risk of childhood asthma p470
Variations in expression of the gene ORMDL3 were found to be associated with development of childhood asthma, suggesting this gene should be examined in more patient groups.
Miriam F. Moffatt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06014
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Protective and therapeutic role for αB-crystallin in autoimmune demyelination p474
The small heat shock protein αB-crystallin is a major immune target in multiple sclerosis patients. This paper provides evidence that αB-crystallin is an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factor and that the immune response against it promotes disease by limiting its availability.
Shalina S. Ousman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05935
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Ransohoff

Essential autocrine regulation by IL-21 in the generation of inflammatory T cells p480
Interleukin (IL)-17 expressing helper T cells (TH17) have recently been identified as a effector subset involved in tissue inflammation. In this paper, it is shown that the cytokine IL-21 is induced downstream of IL-6 by a STAT3 dependent mechanism and participates in inducing TH17 cell differentiation in an autocrine and ROR-γ dependent manner
Roza Nurieva et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05969
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: News and Views by Palmer Weaver

IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory TH17 cells p484
TH17 cells are a recently defined subset of pro-inflammatory helper T cells that are induced by the cytokines IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. TH17 can also be induced by an alternative pathway in which TGF-β cooperates with IL-21.
Thomas Korn et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05970
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: News and Views by Palmer Weaver

Functional diversification of closely related ARF-GEFs in protein secretion and recycling p488
The closest homologue of GNOM in Arabidopsis thaliana, GNOM-LIKE1 (GNL1) performs the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi transport in plants. GNL1 localizes to and acts primarily at Golgi stacks, regulating COPI-coated vesicle formation. GNOM can functionally substitute for GNL1, but not vice versa. Hence the ARF–GEFs of the GBF1 class perform a conserved role in the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi trafficking which is done by GNOM and GNL1 in plants
Sandra Richter et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05967
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

An ARF-GEF acting at the Golgi and in selective endocytosis in polarized plant cells p493
In animals, GBF proteins function at the Golgi and in endosome recycling. Whereas in plants, the Arabidopsis thaliana GBF protein called GNOM is thought to only act at recycling endosomes. A related Arabidopsis GBF protein, GNOM-LIKE1 (GNL1), functions at the Golgi and is also required for internalization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 from the plasma membrane in the presence of brefeldin A.
Ooi-kock Teh and Ian Moore
doi:10.1038/nature06023
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

A flagellin-induced complex of the receptor FLS2 and BAK1 initiates plant defence p497
BAK1, a plant leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, is involved in plant hormone signalling. This protein is now ascribed another function, it is involved in bacterial flagellin-triggered defence responses.
Delphine Chinchilla et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05999
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune response p501
DNA is a potent activator of immune responses during infection and tissue damage. This paper identifies the cytoplasmic DNA sensor as the interferon-inducible protein DLM1/ZBP1 which they have renamed DAI.
Akinori Takaoka et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06013
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Chi Flavell

Naturejobs

Top

Prospect p507
Will new data suggest ways for PhD students to shorten their time to degree?
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7152-507a
Full Text | PDF

Career Views
Gerd Kempermann, professor, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden, Germany p508
Stem-cell scientist moves to new centre in Germany.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7152-508a
Full Text | PDF

Order of merit p508
There's a better way to determine authorship order.
Christine Beveridge and Suzanne Morris
doi:10.1038/nj7152-508b
Full Text | PDF

Isolation p508
Maternity leave makes me miss the lab.
Moira Sheehan
doi:10.1038/nj7152-508c
Full Text | PDF

Futures

Top

And on gloomy Sunday... p510
There goes the neighbourhood.
Anthony S. Haines
doi:10.1038/448510a
Full Text | PDF

Advance Online Publication

Top

25 July 2007
LETTERS
A transglutaminase homologue as a condensation catalyst in antibiotic assembly lines
Pascal D. Fortin, Christopher T. Walsh & Nathan A. Magarvey
doi:10.1038/nature06068
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Small self-RNA generated by RNase L amplifies antiviral innate immunity
Krishnamurthy Malathi, Beihua Dong, Michael Gale, Jr & Robert H. Silverman
doi:10.1038/nature06042
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink
S. Sitch, P. M. Cox, W. J. Collins & C. Huntingford
doi:10.1038/nature06059
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

A gastrin-releasing peptide receptor mediates the itch sensation in the spinal cord
Yan-Gang Sun & Zhou-Feng Chen
doi:10.1038/nature06029
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Cerebral Investigations: MRI & PET Imaging
FREE access to MRI & PET Imaging research for a limited time only

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism has collected top research on the techniques and applications of cerebral MRI and PET imaging from world renowned titles, such as Nature Clinical Practice Neurology, Nature Neuroscience, Nature Medicine and Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism - and presents them to you FREE for a limited time.

| |

| | Surgical Pathologist | | Pathology|Cancer Research / Oncology|Biological Sciences|Drug Discovery|Biotechnology| | | University of Utah | | Salt Lake, UT 84132 |
| | |
| Tenure-track Assistant Professor Faculty Positions in Immunobiology | | Pathology|Development|Immunology|Clinical Sciences|Experimental Medicine| | | Case Western Reserve University | | Cleveland, OH 44106-7288
| | |
| Director, Microarray Core Facility | | Genetics and Genomics|Biotechnology|Clinical Sciences|Cell Biology|Biological Sciences| | | Mayo Clinic | | Rochester, MN 55905
| | |
| Various Positions | | Biochemistry|Engineering|Pharmacology|Drug Discovery|Biotechnology| | | Syngene International Ltd | | Bangalore, India
| | |
| Post Doc | | Plant Science|Biological Sciences|Microbiology|Physical Sciences and Physics|Materials| | | The University of Copenhagen | | Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | |
| PhD and Postdoc position in Plant Science | | Plant Science| | | University of Tromsø | | Tromsø, Norway 9037
| | |

More Naturejobs

| |
| | | | | |

| |

Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the 2007 Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here.

| |

More Nature Products

More Nature Events

| |

You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount
(You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).

For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department

For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department

For other enquiries, please contact our feedback department

Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices:
London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne
San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston
Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.