Subject: Nature 23 August 2007 Volume 448 Number 7156, pp839-968

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:37:37 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 448 Number 7156 839-968

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Editorials
Research Highlights
News
News in Brief
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Books and Arts
News and Views
Analysis
Brief Communications Arising
Articles
Letters
Technology Features
Naturejobs
Futures

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Editorials

Top

Innovation versus science? p839
Harder economic times will force governments to ask tough questions about their investments in research.
doi:10.1038/448839a
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Indentured labour p839
The deal at the foot of the scientific totem pole remains a raw one.
doi:10.1038/448839b
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Technology trap p840
California is right to sound a cautionary note on electronic voting.
doi:10.1038/448840a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p842
doi:10.1038/448842a
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News

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Oldest gorilla ages our joint ancestor p844
Fossil teeth from Africa add years to early ape.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/448844a
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Ocean circulation noisy, not stalling p844
No immediate danger for the Gulf stream.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/448844b
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Sidelines p845
doi:10.1038/448845a
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Fleece myth hints at golden age for Georgia p846
Bronze Age mine may be world's oldest.
Emiliano Feresin
doi:10.1038/448846a
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Journal presents a mathematical conundrum p846
Strife proves hard to solve for K-theory.
Jenny Hogan
doi:10.1038/448846b
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More biologists but tenure stays static p848
Life is not so easy for US postdocs.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/448848a
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Is baby DVD research Mickey Mouse science? p848
Disney rejects video data from university.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/448848b
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Let down by the statistics p849
Unsound analyses are common in gender genetics papers.
Claire Ainsworth
doi:10.1038/448849a
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Hope for axed cancer-prevention trial p850
Appeal by study organizers may offer a reprieve.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/448850a
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News in Brief

Top

News in brief p851
doi:10.1038/448851a
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Business

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A change of gear at Siemens p852
Europe's largest technology company is switching its priorities, even as it faces a growing bribery scandal. Quirin Schiermeier reports.
doi:10.1038/448852a
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In brief p853
doi:10.1038/448853a
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Market watch p853
Colin Macilwain
doi:10.1038/448853b
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News Features

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RNA interference: Hitting the on switch p855
Researchers in San Francisco have findings that suggest a whole new side to RNA interference. Erika Check reports on their attempts to make a revolutionary field more revolutionary still.
doi:10.1038/448855a
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See also: Editor's summary

Africa conservation: Making room p860
Elephant populations are soaring in some parts of Africa. Emma Marris discovers there's no single way to fit them in amid the people.
doi:10.1038/448860a
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See also: Editor's summary

Correspondence

Top

Scientists should unite against threat from religion p864
Sam Harris
doi:10.1038/448864a
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Religion: Islamic science fading before colonialism p864
Todd P. Silverstein
doi:10.1038/448864b
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Berlin shows how natural history can pull the crowds p864
Nizar Ibrahim
doi:10.1038/448864c
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Puns can be baffling, so keep headlines simple p864
Jeff Craig
doi:10.1038/448864d
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Puns: wimp or macho, not a particle of offence is meant p865
Milan Hopkins
doi:10.1038/448865a
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Regions unite to challenge inequalities in Brazil p865
Luiz A. B. Castro and Allan Kardec Barros
doi:10.1038/448865b
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Summing up The Simpsons p865
J. Ewart H. Shaw
doi:10.1038/448865c
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Drop 'higher' and 'lower' to raise descriptive standards p865
Michael Mogie
doi:10.1038/448865d
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Books and Arts

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Four ways to take the policy plunge p867
How should researchers best interact with policy-makers for maximum benefit to society?
Andrew A. Rosenberg reviews The Honest Broker: Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics by Roger Pielke Jr
doi:10.1038/448867a
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Mankind's strange love of superweapons p868
Gregg Herken reviews Doomsday Men: The Real Dr Strangelove and the Dream of the Superweapon by P. D. Smith
doi:10.1038/448868a
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Linnaeus lives on p868
Pamela S. Soltis reviews Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types by C. Jarvis
doi:10.1038/448868b
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The theatre of quantum physics p869
Finn Aaserud reviews Faust in Copenhagen: A Struggle for the Soul of Physics by Gino Segrè
doi:10.1038/448869a
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Medical history without frontiers p870
Yasmin Khan reviews Medieval Islamic Medicine by Peter Pormann and Emilie Savage-Smith
doi:10.1038/448870a
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News and Views

Top

Neuroscience: Obsessed with grooming p871
Roughly 2% of humans suffer from obsessive compulsive disorder, but a lack of animal models has impeded research into this condition. Could a genetically engineered mouse model provide an exciting lead?
Steven E. Hyman
doi:10.1038/448871a
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See also: Editor's summary

Quantum physics: Wave goodbye p872
When measuring photons, it's a case of 'wanted, dead' — catching them alive is not an option. But we can observe how a superposition of many photon waves progressively collapses as it interacts with a beam of atoms.
Luis A. Orozco
doi:10.1038/448872a
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See also: Editor's summary

50 & 100 Years Ago p873
doi:10.1038/448873a
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Economics: Age, health and wealth p875
Ageing populations raise the spectre of crippling healthcare costs. Extra spending on medical research might bring healthier, happier older people who work (and pay taxes) for longer. Is that a good investment?
Frances Cairncross
doi:10.1038/448875a
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Materials science: Stirring stuff p876
Take silicon, soak in water, add acid — and stir. This simple new recipe for the self-assembly of complex microstructures belies an involved sequence of hydrophobic, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions.
David J. Pine
doi:10.1038/448876a
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Evolutionary biology: Structure in mutualistic networks p877
Statistical analyses of the networks formed by plant–animal mutualisms can now take account of the relatedness of the players on either side. How helpful is this innovation for understanding network dynamics?
Susanne S. Renner
doi:10.1038/448877a
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See also: Editor's summary

Materials science: Embedded shells decalcified p879
Synthetic microcapsules with membrane-bound inner chambers in which chemical reactions can be isolated and controlled have been assembled, layer by layer. Could artificial cells be on the horizon?
Catherine Picart and Dennis E. Discher
doi:10.1038/448879a
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Earth science: Old diamonds and the upper crust p880
Was the early Earth a blackened landscape of congealed lava, or was it cool enough for oceans to form? The discovery of diamonds in the oldest-known relics of surface rocks adds new élan to this debate.
Ian S. Williams
doi:10.1038/448880a
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See also: Editor's summary

Obituary: Daniel Koshland (1920–2007) p882
Biochemist, institution-builder and editor of Science.
Bruce Alberts
doi:10.1038/448882a
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Brief Communications Arising

Top

Magnetoelectrics: Is CdCr2S4 a multiferroic relaxor? pE4
Gustau Catalan and James F. Scott
doi:10.1038/nature06156
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Magnetoelectrics: Is CdCr2S4 a multiferroic relaxor? (reply) pE5
Joachim Hemberger et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06157
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Analysis

Top

Integrating molecular and network biology to decode endocytosis p883
The strength of network biology lies in its ability to derive cell biological information without a priori mechanistic or molecular knowledge. It is demonstrated that a molecular understanding of clathrin-mediated endocytosis can refine the network approach and allows the derivation of general biological principles.
Eva M. Schmid and Harvey T. McMahon
doi:10.1038/nature06031
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Articles

Top

Progressive field-state collapse and quantum non-demolition photon counting p889
This paper reports the observation of a step-by-step state collapse by using atoms to non-destructively measure the photon number of a field stored in a cavity. The procedure illustrates all the postulates of quantum measurement and should facilitate studies of non-classical fields trapped in cavities.
Christine Guerlin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06057
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Orozco

Cortico-striatal synaptic defects and OCD-like behaviours in Sapap3-mutant mice p894
Targeted deletion of SAPAP3, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein expressed in the striatum, yields a behavioral phenotype with many characteristics of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). SAPAP3−/− mice compulsively overgroom themselves and are unusually anxious. Behavioral symptoms are alleviated by SSRIs, and both behaviour and physiological abnormalities are rescued by lentiviral-mediated expression of SAPAP3 in the striatum.
Jeffrey M. Welch et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06104
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Hyman

Gap junction adhesion is necessary for radial migration in the neocortex p901
This paper describes the first evidence of a role for gap junctions in neuronal migration, and also shows that the adhesive properties of the gap junctions, not the conductivity of their channels, are important for the migration.
Laura A. B. Elias, Doris D. Wang and Arnold R. Kriegstein
doi:10.1038/nature06063
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Letters

Top

No extreme bipolar glaciation during the main Eocene calcite compensation shift p908
The hypothesis that large ice sheets were present in both hemispheres ∼41.6 million years ago is tested, using marine sediment records from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The estimates of ice volume at this time can easily be accommodated on Antarctica, but were not the Northern Hemisphere. These findings support climate model simulations, which indicate that the threshold for continental glaciation was crossed earlier in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere, due to the different land–ocean distributions at the two poles.
Kirsty M. Edgar, Paul A. Wilson, Philip F. Sexton and Yusuke Suganuma
doi:10.1038/nature06053
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Northern Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles in Antarctica over the past 360,000 years p912
A new chronology for Antarctic ice cores has been constructed based on the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen molecules in air trapped in the ice. This seems to reflect changes in local summer insolation, and thus allows the relative timing of changes in insolation and Antarctic climate to be determined. The results show that orbital-scale Antarctic climate change lagged Northern Hemisphere insolation over the past 360,000 years, and that increases in Antarctic temperature at the last four glacial-interglacial transitions took place within phases of increasing Northern Hemisphere insolation.
Kenji Kawamura et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06015
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Hadean diamonds in zircon from Jack Hills, Western Australia p917
This paper reports the discovery of micro-diamond inclusions in zircon from the Jack Hills (Western Australia), which is up to 4,252 million years old and includes the oldest known diamonds found in terrestrial rocks. The spread of ages indicates that either the conditions required for diamond formation were repeated several times during early Earth history or that there was significant recycling of ancient diamond.
Martina Menneken et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06083
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Williams

A new species of great ape from the late Miocene epoch in Ethiopia p921
Fossil teeth from Ethiopia are presented that look very similar to those of a modern gorilla, despite being 10 million years old. If the teeth, assigned to a new species of fossil ape, come from a creature on the gorilla lineage, then the divergence between gorillas and the chimp–human stock must have happened before that time, constraining divergence dates reached through the comparison of contemporary genetic sequences.
Gen Suwa et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06113
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Non-random coextinctions in phylogenetically structured mutualistic networks p925
A phylogenetic approach is used to show that past evolutionary history partly explains network patterns that link plants and their pollinators and seed dispersers. Species close in the phylogeny tend to play similar roles in the network. As a result, co-extinction cascades following the extinction of a species affect taxonomically related species, resulting in a non-random pruning of the evolutionary tree.
Enrico L. Rezende et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05956
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Renner

Regulation of IgA production by naturally occurring TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells p929
Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous sectretions. B cell class-switch recombination to IgA in mucosa-associated tissues is regulated by a subset of dendritic cells which produce TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide in response to the recognition of commensal bacteria by toll-like receptors
Hiroyuki Tezuka et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06033
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

An IRF8-binding promoter variant and AIRE control CHRNA1 promiscuous expression in thymus p934
The human thymus is given the difficult task of teaching T-cells which antigens are 'foreign' and which are 'self', a process which seems to go wrong in autoimmune disorders. A study of variation in the promoter of one gene expressed in thymus shows that one nucleotide change can disrupt gene regulation, and might lead to increased risk for autoimmune disease.
Matthieu Giraud et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06066
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

A central integrator of transcription networks in plant stress and energy signalling p938
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the evolutionary conserved protein kinases KIN10 and KIN11, control reprogramming of transcription factors in response to seemingly unrelated conditions such as darkness, sugar and stress conditions. Hence KIN10 and KIN11 are key players in linking a variety of stress conditions in plants and globally regulate plant metabolism and survival.
Elena Baena-González, Filip Rolland, Johan M. Thevelein and Jen Sheen
doi:10.1038/nature06069
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

p15Ink4b is a critical tumour suppressor in the absence of p16Ink4a p943
A locus on chromosome 9p21 which encodes three cell cycle inhibitors is frequently deleted in human cancer. Two of these, p16INKa and p14ARF, function as tumour suppressors. A new mouse model now shows that a third, p15INK4b, also contributes to the tumour suppressor function of this locus. Mice lacking all three show enhanced tumourigenesis and a broader tumour spectrum.
Paul Krimpenfort et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06084
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

The effects of molecular noise and size control on variability in the budding yeast cell cycle p947
Reports on single cell experiments in budding yeast that analyse the role of molecular noise during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Variability in the timing of G1 can be attributed to variations in cell size at cell birth, as well as variations of a size-independent 'timer' step. These two steps are modular and together control the timing of the critical Start transition of the G1 phase.
Stefano Di Talia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06072
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Antidepressant binding site in a bacterial homologue of neurotransmitter transporters p952
The mechanism underlying inhibition of sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters by tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is investigated, and it is found that TCAs bind noncompetitively to an extracellular facing vestibule to inhibit the release of substrate.
Satinder K. Singh, Atsuko Yamashita and Eric Gouaux
doi:10.1038/nature06038
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Technology Features

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Tissue preparation: Tissue issues p959
Millions of tissue samples have been collected and archived, but researchers wanting to explore them at the molecular level have found it tough going. Nathan Blow investigates the issues.
Nathan Blow
doi:10.1038/448959a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Tissue preparation: Frozen in time p959
doi:10.1038/448959b
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Tissue preparation: The cutting edge p960
doi:10.1038/448960a
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Tissue Preparation: Table of suppliers p963
doi:10.1038/448963a
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Naturejobs

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Prospect
The pharmaceutical industry has had big job losses of late. p965
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7156-965a
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Futures

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Formic gender disorder p968
Divide and conquer.
Barrington J. Bayley
doi:10.1038/448968a
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Advance Online Publication

Top

22 August 2007
LETTERS
UTX and JMJD3 are histone H3K27 demethylases involved in HOX gene regulation and development
Karl Agger at al.
doi:10.1038/nature06145
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Structure of Dnmt3a bound to Dnmt3L suggests a model for de novo DNA methylation
Da Jia, Renata Z. Jurkowska, Xing Zhang, Albert Jeltsch & Xiaodong Cheng
doi:10.1038/nature06146
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

IgH class switching and translocations use a robust non-classical end-joining pathway
Catherine T. Yan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06020
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

19 August 2007
ARTICLE
Enzymatic capture of an extrahelical thymine in the search for uracil in DNA
Jared B. Parker, Mario A. Bianchet, Daniel J. Krosky, Joshua I. Friedman, L. Mario Amzel & James T. Stivers
doi:10.1038/nature06131
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

LETTERS
ZEITLUPE is a circadian photoreceptor stabilized by GIGANTEA in blue light
Woe-Yeon Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06132
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Mechanism of chloride interaction with neurotransmitter:sodium symporters
Elia Zomot, Annie Bendahan, Matthias Quick, Yongfang Zhao, Jonathan A. Javitch & Baruch I. Kanner
doi:10.1038/nature06133
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

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