Subject: Nature 14 June 2007 Volume 447 Number 7146, pp753-884

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2007 14:50:04 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 447 Number 7146 pp 753 – 884

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Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
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Books and Arts
News and Views
Feature
Articles
Letters
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Editorials

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Evolution and the brain p753
With all deference to the sensibilities of religious people, the idea that man was created in the image of God can surely be put aside.
10.1038/447753a
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Academic diversity p753
US universities must act to recruit and retain minority faculty members.
10.1038/447753b
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Mentors of tomorrow p754
Everyone knows bad peer review when they come across it — but too few are nurturing good referees.
10.1038/447754a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p756
10.1038/447756a
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News

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Can a Saudi university think freely? p758
Sceptics query track record on academic freedom
Declan Butler
10.1038/447758a
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Hawaiian solar telescope meets resistance p758
Locals fear impact on endangered species and cultural identity
Lucy Odling-Smee
10.1038/447758b
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Biosphere 2 finds a buyer p759
Houses to be built around famous research complex
Rex Dalton
10.1038/447759a
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Genome project turns up evolutionary surprises p760
Findings reveal how DNA is conserved across animals
Erika Check
10.1038/447760a
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Sidelines p761
10.1038/447761a
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Researcher refuses to back down over race case p762
University to re-evaluate policy on ethnic minorities
Heidi Ledford
10.1038/447762a
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Plans falter over EU research infrastructure p762
Governments decide which projects to fund
Quirin Schiermeier
10.1038/447762b
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Stem-cell paper corrected p763
Authors say conclusions still valid
Erika Check
10.1038/447763a
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Indian scientists battle journal retraction p764
Government clears researchers accused of data manipulation
K. S. Jayaraman
10.1038/447764a
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Business

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Shades of success p766
Light-emitting diodes are seen by many as the light source of the future. But as Kurt Kleiner reports, their adaptation will take time.
10.1038/447766a
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In brief p767
10.1038/447767a
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Market watch p767
Colin Macilwain
10.1038/447767b
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News Features

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Moral psychology: The depths of disgust p768
Is there wisdom to be found in repugnance? Or is disgust 'the nastiest of all emotions', offering nothing but support to prejudice? Dan Jones looks at the repellant side of human nature.
10.1038/447768a
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See also: Editor's summary

Fundamental physics: Feel the force p772
When two objects separated by a vacuum are barely a whisker apart, a strange attraction comes into play. Philip Ball meets the physicists who are trying to make something out of nothing.
10.1038/447772a
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Correspondence

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Students unite to create State of the Planet course p775
Krystal L. Rypien et al.
10.1038/447775a
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Leeches underline the need for linnaean taxonomy p775
U. Kutschera
10.1038/447775b
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Slang's not so slick when you remember its origins p775
Renée M. Ned and Lisa N. Steele
10.1038/447775c
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Books and Arts

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Dirt cheap soil p777
Precious few societies have taken care of their most fundamental resource.
Eric A. Davidson reviews Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations by David R. Montgomery
10.1038/447777a
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Secret life of plants p778
Paul Falkowski reviews The Emerald Planet: How Plants Changed Earth's History by David Beerling
10.1038/447778a
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Science in culture p779
Anselm Kiefer builds monumental souvenirs of the night sky.
Pete Jeffs
10.1038/447779a
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Bloggers unite p779
Paul Stevenson reviews The Open Laboratory: The Best Writing on Science Blogs 2006
10.1038/447779b
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News and Views

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Environmental science: Nitrogen impacts on forest carbon p781
Does the extra nitrogen input from anthropogenic sources mean that more carbon from the atmosphere is being locked up in boreal and temperate forests? 'Yes' is the answer to emerge from the latest analysis.
Peter Högberg
10.1038/447781a
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Genomics: Encyclopaedia of humble DNA p782
Researchers of the ENCODE consortium have analysed 1% of the human genome. Their findings bring us a step closer to understanding the role of the vast amount of obscure DNA that does not function as genes.
John M. Greally
10.1038/447782a
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Planetary science: Mars at the tipping point p785
There's a big problem with the idea of ancient oceans on Mars: if they were contained within the 'shoreline' visible today, sea level would not have been level. Could it be that Mars has since tipped over?
Maria T. Zuber
10.1038/447785a
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50 & 100 Years Ago p785
10.1038/447785b
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Palaeobotany: Forests frozen in time p786
Just over 300 million years ago, a forest was dropped below sea level by an earthquake and swiftly buried. Such rapid events provide snapshots of lost ecosystems, sometimes on a huge spatial scale.
Kirk R. Johnson
10.1038/447786a
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Optical memory: The secret of the stone p787
Liesbeth Venema
10.1038/447787a
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Correction p787
10.1038/447787b
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Obituary: Chauncey Starr (1912–2007) p789
Physicist, engineer and leader in the development of nuclear power.
Paul M. Grant
10.1038/447789a
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Feature

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Nature's guide for mentors p791
Having a good mentor early in your career can mean the difference between success and failure in any field. Adrian Lee, Carina Dennis and Philip Campbell look at what makes a good mentor.
Adrian Lee, Carina Dennis and Philip Campbell
10.1038/447791a
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Articles

Top

Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project p799
The next step after sequencing a genome is to figure out how the cell actually uses it as an instruction manual. A large international consortium has examined 1% of the genome for what part is transcribed, where proteins are bound, what the chromatin structure looks like, and how the sequence compares to that of other organisms.
The ENCODE Project Consortium
10.1038/nature05874
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Greally

Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases p817
Tomas Lundqvist et al.
10.1038/nature05689
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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MicroRNA silencing through RISC recruitment of eIF6 p823
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate gene expression is by preventing translation of a target mRNA. This is because a complex involved in processing miRNAs, RISC, associates with the 60S ribosome subunit and the eIF6 translation initiation factor. As the eIF6 can prevent the 60S subunit from assembling into a mature 80S ribosome, interaction of eIF6 with RISC may block ribosome recycling or initiation.
Thimmaiah P. Chendrimada et al.
10.1038/nature05841
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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Letters

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A giant outburst two years before the core-collapse of a massive star p829
The peculiar Type Ib supernova SN 2006jc is spatially coincident with a bright optical transient that occurred in 2004. An outburst (similar to that of a luminous blue variable star) of a Wolf–Rayet star could be invoked for the transient, but this would be the first observational evidence of such a phenomenon. Alternatively a massive binary system composed of an LBV which erupted in 2004, and a Wolf–Rayet star exploding as SN 2006jc, could explain the observations.
A. Pastorello et al.
10.1038/nature05825
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Tethys and Dione as sources of outward-flowing plasma in Saturn’s magnetosphere p833
As Saturn rotates it flings cold, dense plasma outward from the inner magnetosphere by centrifugal force, where it is replaced by hotter, more tenuous plasma from the outer magnetosphere. Here, the centrifugal interchange of plasmas in rotating magnetospheres is confirmed, and also demonstrated that plasma is transported from regions near the orbits of Dione and Tethys, supporting the idea of distinct plasma tori associated with these moons.
J. L. Burch et al.
10.1038/nature05906
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Demonstration of controlled-NOT quantum gates on a pair of superconducting quantum bits p836
Quantum computation requires quantum logic gates that use the interaction within pairs of quantum bits (qubits) to perform conditional operations. Superconducting qubits may offer an attractive route towards scalable quantum computing. This paper demonstrates a complete set of controlled-NOT quantum logic gates using a single pair of coupled flux qubits. These gates are now sufficiently characterized to be used in quantum algorithms.
J. H. Plantenberg, P. C. de Groot, C. J. P. M. Harmans and J. E. Mooij
10.1038/nature05896
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Evidence for an ancient martian ocean in the topography of deformed shorelines p840
The surface of Mars has a set of features that ring the plains for thousands of kilometres, which have been interpreted as a series of former shorelines. But topographic profiles along the putative shorelines contain long-wavelength trends in elevation that have been taken as an argument against the shoreline (and ocean) hypothesis. This paper demonstrates that true polar wander could bring the elevations of the proposed shorelines into line, reviving the ocean hypothesis.
J. Taylor Perron et al.
10.1038/nature05873
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Zuber

A gigantic bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of China p844
Xing Xu et al.
10.1038/nature05849
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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The human footprint in the carbon cycle of temperate and boreal forests p849
The profound, overwhelming effects of human activities on the carbon balance of temperate and boreal forests are demonstrated. Apart from the direct effects of forest management, they show that carbon sequestration by this important component of the biosphere is driven by the imbalance in the global nitrogen cycle determined by human activities.
Federico Magnani et al.
10.1038/nature05847
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Högberg

Miniature eye movements enhance fine spatial detail p852
Michele Rucci, Ramon Iovin, Martina Poletti and Fabrizio Santini
10.1038/nature05866
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Sensory neuron sodium channel Nav1.8 is essential for pain at low temperatures p856
Sensory acuity deteriorates at cold temperatures, but pain perception persists and cold stimuli themselves can be painful. A voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.8, is implicated in this perception. Unlike other channels, Nav1.8 does not inactivate at lower temperatures and its currents are actually larger in colder conditions
Katharina Zimmermann et al.
10.1038/nature05880
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HDAC6 rescues neurodegeneration and provides an essential link between autophagy and the UPS p860
There are two main pathways to rid a cell from accumulated protein misfits, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. When the ubiquitin proteasome system breaks down, as is the case in a fly model for neurodegenerative disease, autophagy is able to compensate for this loss. HDAC6, a microtubule-associated-histone deacetlyase that interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins, seems to be the link.
Udai Bhan Pandey et al.
10.1038/nature05853
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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RAS–RAF–MEK-dependent oxidative cell death involving voltage-dependent anion channels p865
The action mechanism of a RAS–RAF–MEK–pathway selective anti-tumour agent is described, this compound acts through mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels, a novel target for anti-cancer drugs.
Nicholas Yagoda et al.
10.1038/nature05859
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmes p869
This paper examines the role of lipid metabolites of arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the resolution of acute inflammation. The omega-3 fatty acids are shown to affect phagocytosis, phagocyte removal, and leukocyte infiltration.
Jan M. Schwab, Nan Chiang, Makoto Arita and Charles N. Serhan
10.1038/nature05877
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Drosophila miR2 induces pseudo-polysomes and inhibits translation initiation p875
A fly microRNA (miRNA) causes the formation of a super-sized miRNA/mRNA/ribosome complex (a 'pseudo-polysome'). This requires a specialized structure, called the cap, at the 5′ end of the mRNA.
Rolf Thermann and Matthias W. Hentze
10.1038/nature05878
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Corrigendum

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Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow p880
Yuehua Jiang et al.
10.1038/nature05812
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Naturejobs

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Prospect
In search of the super-mentor p881
Gene Russo
10.1038/nj7146-881a
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Career Views
John Mather, chief scientist, Science Mission Directorate, NASA, Washington DC p882
John Mather to take on NASA's chief scientist position.
Virginia Gewin
10.1038/nj7146-882a
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Southern light p882
Australia christens the country's first synchrotron.
Hannah Hoag
10.1038/nj7146-882b
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What kind of difference? p882
I want to make a difference – but what kind of difference?
Peter Jordan
10.1038/nj7146-882c
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Recruiters
The time is ripe p884
With pharmaceutical companies outsourcing drug testing, jobs in clinical research are growing fast.
Mike Mortimer
10.1038/nj7146-884a
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Advance Online Publication

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13 June 2007
LETTERS
Protective and therapeutic role for αB-crystallin in autoimmune demyelination
Shalina S. Ousman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05935
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

10 June 2007
ARTICLE
'Rejuvenation' protects neurons in mouse models of Parkinson's disease
C. Savio Chan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05865
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

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