Subject: Nature 28 June 2007 Volume 447 Number 7148, pp1031-1142

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 27 Jun 2007 15:11:07 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 447 Number 7148 pp 1031 – 1142

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Editorials
Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Commentary
Books and Arts
News and Views
News and Views Q&A
Articles
Letters

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Editorials

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All for one... p1031
Many medium-sized university departments feel they are engaged in an unequal struggle against larger and more-entrenched rivals. But there is a way in which they can fight back.
doi:10.1038/4471031a
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Meanings of 'life' p1031
Synthetic biology provides a welcome antidote to chronic vitalism.
doi:10.1038/4471031b
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Electric skies? p1032
How to navigate a flight path to greener air travel.
doi:10.1038/4471032a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p1034
doi:10.1038/4471034a
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News

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Cancer atlas maps out sample worries p1036
Initial wobbles show importance of quality control.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/4471036a
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Geophysicists combine forces p1037
Fresh drive to get data online for all.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/4471037a
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Graphic detail: Gas exchange: CO2 emissions 1990–2006 p1038
doi:10.1038/4471038a
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Darfur's climate roots challenged p1038
Experts criticize UN view of Sudan conflict
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/4471038b
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Treaty caution on plankton plans p1039
Official concern voiced over iron fertilization of seas.
Mark Schrope
doi:10.1038/4471039a
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Sidelines p1039
doi:10.1038/4471039b
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Circumcision for HIV needs follow-up p1040
Worries about behaviour change require further research.
Declan Butler and Lucy Odling-Smee
doi:10.1038/4471040a
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Plan for bomb design falters p1041
Congress gets cold feet over next generation nuke.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/4471041a
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Uganda hosts banana trial p1042
Genetic modifications aim to beat fungal infection.
Anne Dauwers
doi:10.1038/4471042a
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News in brief p1043
doi:10.1038/4471043a
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Business

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Contest puts brakes on carbon capture p1044
As a BP project to capture carbon dioxide from a power station bites the dust, supporters argue that a major opportunity for Britain has been lost. Andrea Chipman reports.
doi:10.1038/4471044a
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In brief p1045
doi:10.1038/4471045a
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Market watch p1045
Colin Macilwain
doi:10.1038/4471045b
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News Features

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Renewable energy: Energy-Go-Round p1046
How did a little Spanish province become one of the world's wind-energy giants? Daemon Fairless reports.
doi:10.1038/4471046a
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Passive smoking: Out from the haze p1049
Smoking was banned in Californian bars a decade ago, and this week England follows suit. But Kris Novak finds that epidemiologists are still arguing about the effects of second-hand smoke.
doi:10.1038/4471049a
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See also: Editor's summary

Correspondence

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Researchers fight poaching with presence, not guns p1052
Gottfried Hohmann
doi:10.1038/4471052a
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Estimating the cost of climate change p1052
Richard Tol
doi:10.1038/4471052b
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Not so sunny view of the events in Arizona p1052
Carl Djerassi
doi:10.1038/4471052c
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Why are people reluctant to join in open review? p1052
Shi V. Liu
doi:10.1038/4471052d
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Commentary

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Tony Blair's era: good news, bad news p1053
As Gordon Brown becomes Britain's prime minister, Robert May highlights some critical challenges in the continuing support of science.
doi:10.1038/4471053a
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See also: Editor's summary

Books and Arts

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Falling over the edge p1055
Claims that an intelligent designer is needed to explain evolution of complex systems are deeply flawed.
Kenneth R. Miller reviews The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism by Michael Behe
doi:10.1038/4471055a
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Exhibition: A Wellcome addition p1056
Sara Abdulla reviews The Wellcome Collection
doi:10.1038/4471056a
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Life drawing p1057
Die Tierwelt der Maria Sibylla Merian by Katharina Schmidt-Loske
Chrysalis by Kim Todd
doi:10.1038/4471057a
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A better way of thinking? p1057
Frances Cairncross reviews The Soulful Science: What Economists Really Do and Why It Matters by Diane Coyle
doi:10.1038/4471057b
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Science in culture p1058
A new planetarium for the Royal Observatory in Greenwich.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/4471058a
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See also: Editor's summary

News and Views

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Neurophysiology: Stressful pacemaking p1059
In Parkinson's disease, dopamine-secreting neurons die — perhaps because unrelenting calcium entry during spontaneous electrical activity puts them under unusual pressure.
Bruce P. Bean
doi:10.1038/4471059a
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See also: Editor's summary

Earth science: Silicon-enhanced core p1060
What elements, besides iron, make up Earth's core? Discrepancies in the isotopic ratios found in rocks from Earth's mantle and in undisturbed meteoritic material indicate strongly that one answer is silicon.
Tim Elliott
doi:10.1038/4471060a
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See also: Editor's summary

Neurobiology: The currency of guessing p1061
Vanilla or chocolate? Fight or flight? A career in academia or in industry? The neural processes of probabilistic decision-making provide clues about the 'common currency' through which decisions are made.
Paul Cisek
doi:10.1038/4471061a
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See also: Editor's summary

50 & 100 Years Ago p1062
doi:10.1038/4471062a
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Astronomy: A new molecular factory p1063
Carbon-rich stars are known to be prolific producers of molecules. Against expectations, astronomers have identified an old, oxygen-rich star that can also synthesize a chemically varied molecular cocktail.
Sun Kwok
doi:10.1038/4471063a
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See also: Editor's summary

Robert Cahn (1924–2007) p1063

doi:10.1038/4471063b
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Obituary: Bohdan Paczyński (1940–2007) p1064
Guiding light in astrophysics.
Bruce T. Draine and Jeremiah P. Ostriker
doi:10.1038/4471064a
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News and Views Q&A

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Materials Science: Nanotube composites p1066
A carbon revolution has occurred — carbon atoms can be coaxed into several topologies to make materials with unique properties. Nanotubes are the vanguard of this innovation, and are on the cusp of commercial exploitation as the multifunctional components of the next generation of composite materials.
Pulickel M. Ajayan and James M. Tour
doi:10.1038/4471066a
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See also: Editor's summary

Articles

Top

Isotopic portrayal of the Earth’s upper mantle flow field p1069
The distribution of long-lived radiogenic isotopes along the world's mid-ocean ridges can be used to map geochemical domains, reflecting contrasting refilling modes of the upper mantle. Refilling of the upper mantle in the Atlantic and Indian domains is slow and confined to localized upwellings, whereas in the Pacific, upwellings are comparatively much wider and more rapid.
Christine M. Meyzen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05920
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

Probabilistic reasoning by neurons p1075
Humans frequently combine probabilities about possible outcomes to reach decisions, but monkeys can also make decisions based on probabilistic information about rewards. Neurons in the parietal cortex reveal the addition and subtraction of probabilistic quantities underlying these decisions.
Tianming Yang and Michael N. Shadlen
doi:10.1038/nature05852
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Cisek

‘Rejuvenation’ protects neurons in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease p1081
Dopaminergic neurons heavily rely on Ca2+ channels to maintain their rhythmic activity, and this reliance increases with age. But adult neurons can be tempted to revert to using the Na+/HCN channels, as younger neurons do, by treatment with a commonly used drug.
C. Savio Chan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05865
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Bean

Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci p1087
Previous work has identified several genes where mutations lead to breast cancer, but other genetic and environmental factors must still be accounted for. A large study of genetic association with breast cancer points to four novel genes and many more genetic markers that should be pursued for their link to cancer susceptibility.
Douglas F. Easton et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05887
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Letters

Top

Chemical complexity in the winds of the oxygen-rich supergiant star VY Canis Majoris p1094
A variety of unexpected chemical compounds in the oxygen-rich shell of the red supergiant star VY Canis Majoris is reported. The molecules can be distinguished as arising from three distinct kinematic regions: a spherical outflow, a tightly-collimated, blue-shifted expansion and a directed, red-shifted flow, suggesting that oxygen-rich shells may be as chemically diverse as their carbon counterparts.
L. M. Ziurys, S. N. Milam, A. J. Apponi and N. J. Woolf
doi:10.1038/nature05905
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Kwok

Tunable nanowire nonlinear optical probe p1098
This paper reports the development of a source of visible light based on an inorganic nanowire made from potassium niobate, which as it has nonlinear optical properties, can convert light from one frequency to another. The nanowire light source is held with optical tweezers and scanned over a sample to make images of a test structure with sub-wavelength resolution.
Yuri Nakayama et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05921
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Silicon in the Earth’s core p1102
The silicon isotopic compositions of basaltic rocks from the Earth and Moon are distinctly 'heavy'. The similar isotopic composition of the bulk silicate Earth and the Moon are consistent with large-scale isotopic equilibration during the 'giant impact', indicating that Si was already a light element in the Earth's core before the Moon formed.
R. Bastian Georg, Alex N. Halliday, Edwin A. Schauble and Ben C. Reynolds
doi:10.1038/nature05927
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Elliott

Sexually antagonistic genetic variation for fitness in red deer p1107
Use of a long-term data set demonstrates the existence of sexually antagonistic fitness variation in a long-lived, sexually-dimorphic species in the wild — genes that make a good male do not make a good female, and vice versa. This sexually antagonistic effect results in selection against males that carry genes for high female fitness.
Katharina Foerster et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05912
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Lateral habenula as a source of negative reward signals in dopamine neurons p1111
Neurons in the primate lateral habenula are shown to have reward-related activity that apparently signals the inverse to the dopamine response. Stimulation of lateral habenula suppresses dopamine neurons, suggesting that this area plays a role in shaping reward signals.
Masayuki Matsumoto and Okihide Hikosaka
doi:10.1038/nature05860
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Macrophage-specific PPARγ controls alternative activation and improves insulin resistance p1116
Justin I. Odegaard et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05894
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Ambra1 regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system p1121
The identification of the large protein Ambra-1, which regulates autophagy and plays a crucial role in embryogenesis is described. The absence of Ambra-1 function during development results in severe neural tube defects associated with autophagy impairment, accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, unbalanced cell proliferation and excessive apoptotic cell death.
Gian Maria Fimia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05925
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

miRNAs control gene expression in the single-cell alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii p1126
As siRNAs and miRNAs have only been found in multicellular organisms, it was proposed that RNAi evolution was driven by the need to regulate expression of genes in different tissues. But both siRNAs and miRNAs are present in the unicellular alga, Chlamydomonas, suggesting that the evolutionary history of RNAi will need to be reassessed.
Attila Molnár et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05903
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network p1130
The tumour suppressor p53 directly activates the transcription of family of microRNAs, miR-34 family, which themselves suppress cell proliferation. The study also identifies miR-34 target genes that have roles in cell cycle progression.
Lin He et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05939
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Dual E1 activation systems for ubiquitin differentially regulate E2 enzyme charging p1135
A divergent E1 in vertebrates and sea urchin, Uba6, is identified, which specifically activates ubiquitin but not other ubiquitin-like proteins in vitro and in vivo. Human Uba6 and Ube1 have distinct preferences for E2 charging in vitro, and their specificity depends in part on their C-terminal ubiquitin-fold domains, which recruit E2s.
Jianping Jin, Xue Li, Steven P. Gygi and J. Wade Harper
doi:10.1038/nature05902
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Naturejobs

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Prospect
Rankings are flawed, but are they a worthwhile tool nonetheless? p1139
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7148-1139a
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Thomas Mason, Director, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee p1140
New director at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7148-1140a
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Making contacts online p1140
Online networking sites for science
Fabio Fais
doi:10.1038/nj7148-1140b
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The final push p1140
Preparing for a work hiatus
Moira Sheehan
doi:10.1038/nj7148-1140c
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Recruiters
Taking on that first faculty job p1142
You know the science, but there's plenty else to consider.
David Burgess
doi:10.1038/nj7148-1142a
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Advance Online Publication

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27 June 2007
ARTICLES
Non-transcriptional control of DNA replication by c-Myc
David Dominguez-Sola et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05953
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

LETTERS
Derivation of pluripotent epiblast stem cells from mammalian embryos
I. Gabrielle M. Brons et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05950
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

The Rab8 GTPase regulates apical protein localization in intestinal cells
Takashi Sato et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05929
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

New cell lines from mouse epiblast share defining features with human embryonic stem cells
Paul J. Tesar et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05972
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

24 June 2007
LETTERS
Antitumour drugs impede DNA uncoiling by topoisomerase I
Daniel A. Koster, Komaraiah Palle, Elisa S. M. Bot, Mary-Ann Bjornsti & Nynke H. Dekker
doi:10.1038/nature05938
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Ambra1 regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system
Gian Maria Fimia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05925
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Crystal structures of histone demethylase JMJD2A reveal basis for substrate specificity
Stanley S. Ng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05971
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Rhythmic growth explained by coincidence between internal and external cues
Kazunari Nozue et al.
doi:10.1038/nature05946
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing
J. Graham Ruby, Calvin H. Jan & David P. Bartel
doi:10.1038/nature05983
First Paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

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