Subject: Nature Contents: 10 August 2006 Volume 442 Number 7103, pp601-718

From: "NatureAlert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 09 Aug 2006 17:25:00 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 442 Number 7103 pp601-718

This alert is sponsored by RIKEN

In this issue
Editorials
Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Commentary
Books and Arts
News and Views
Articles
Letters
Naturejobs
Futures

Also this week
Editor's summary
Authors
Podcast
Advance online publication

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Editorials

Top

Safeguards for donors p601
Clashing perspectives on the ethics of the donation of human eggs for research purposes are likely to complicate international collaboration — whether stem-cell researchers like it or not.
10.1038/442601a
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Capturing carbon p601
Sequestration of greenhouse gases could play an important role in capping emissions.
10.1038/442601b
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Toronto crossroads p602
The international AIDS meeting still has a purpose.
10.1038/442602a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p604
10.1038/442604a
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News

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Ethicists and biologists ponder the price of eggs p606
A Nature Special Report investigates the ethics and economics of donating eggs for stem-cell research. In this, the first part Erika Check investigates whether paying donors would increase supply. In the second part Helen Pearson asks what is known about the long-term health risks faced by donors.
10.1038/442606a
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Health effects of egg donation may take decades to emerge p607
A Nature Special Report investigates the ethics and economics of donating eggs for stem-cell research. In the first part Erika Check investigated whether paying donors would increase supply. In this, the second part Helen Pearson asks what is known about the long-term health risks faced by donors.
10.1038/442607a
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Oil from bombed plant left to spill p609
War hampers clean-up efforts.
Kerri Smith
10.1038/442609a
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Plan for postdoc union sparks backlash p609
University of California awaits petition ruling.
Heidi Ledford
10.1038/442609b
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AIDS vaccine research becomes 'big science' p610
But 'mission-oriented' approach has its critics.
Declan Butler
10.1038/442610a
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See also: Editor's summary

Sidelines p611
10.1038/442611a
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Views collide over fate of accelerator p612
Decommissioned particle smasher awaits fate.
Geoff Brumfiel
10.1038/442612a
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Business

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Silent running: the race to the clinic p614
A technique for turning genes off has sparked a flurry of biotech investment. Erika Check investigates.
10.1038/442614a
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In brief p615
10.1038/442615a
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Market watch p615
Quirin Schiermeier
10.1038/442615b
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News Features

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AIDS treatment: Staying the course p617
Some feared that widespread use of AIDS treatments in Africa would encourage drug resistance, with globally disastrous consequences. But there's no crisis yet, reports Erika Check.
10.1038/442617a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Putting the carbon back: The hundred billion tonne challenge p620
One way to keep carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere is to put it back in the ground. In this, the first of two News Features on carbon sequestration, Quirin Schiermeier asks when the world's coal-fired power plants will start storing away their carbon. In the second, Emma Marris joins the enthusiasts who think that enriching Earth's soils with charcoal can help avert global warming, reduce the need for fertilizers, and greatly increase the size of turnips.
10.1038/442620a
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See also: Editor's summary

Putting the carbon back: Black is the new green p624
One way to keep carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere is to put it back in the ground. In the first of two News Features on carbon sequestration, Quirin Schiermeier asked when the world's coal-fired power plants will start storing away their carbon. In the second, Emma Marris joins the enthusiasts who think that enriching Earth's soils with charcoal can help avert global warming, reduce the need for fertilizers, and greatly increase the size of turnips.
10.1038/442624a
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See also: Editor's summary

Correspondence

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Scientists are well placed to speak up for biodiversity p627
Guillaume Chapron
10.1038/442627a
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Authors were clear about hockey-stick uncertainties p627
Raymond S. Bradley, Malcolm K. Hughes and Michael E. Mann
10.1038/442627b
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Systems biology could help us harness useful microbes p627
Douglas Young
10.1038/442627c
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Sticking points in the push for change p627
Eugene A. Rosa
10.1038/442627d
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Commentary

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Fair payment or undue inducement? p629
Women who donate their eggs for stem-cell research should be compensated in the same way as other healthy research volunteers, argues Insoo Hyun.
10.1038/442629a
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See also: Editor's summary

Books and Arts

Top

The Moses of Silicon Valley p631
William Shockley's work led to the foundation of the US computer industry.
Paul Grant reviews Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age by Joel N. Shurkin
10.1038/442631a
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New in paperback p632
Warped Passages: Unravelling the Universe's Hidden Dimensions by Lisa Randall
Madame Bovary's Ovaries: A Darwinian Look at Literature by David P. Barash and Nanelle R. Barash
Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations by W.F. Bynum and Roy Porter
10.1038/442632a
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Making sense of autism p632
Francesca Happé reviews Autism, Brain, and Environment by Richard Lathe
Understanding Autism: From Basic Neuroscience to Treatment edited by Steven O. Moldin and John L. R. Rubenstein
10.1038/442632b
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Subterranean storage blues p633
Gordon MacKerron reviews Uncertainty Underground: Yucca Mountain and the Nation's High-Level Nuclear Waste edited by Allison M. Macfarlane and Rodney C. Ewing
10.1038/442633a
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See also: Editor's summary

News and Views

Top

Plant breeding: Rice in deep water p635
Many otherwise productive cultivars of rice suffer badly if immersed in water for long. The identification of a gene variant that confers tolerance to this threat has practical potential.
Takuji Sasaki
10.1038/442635a
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See also: Editor's summary

Cosmology: Where all the lithium went p636
For some years, astronomers have been trying to track down all the lithium predicted by standard cosmological models. Spectroscopic dissection of globular clusters reveals that the answer might lie in the stars.
Corinne Charbonnel
10.1038/442636a
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Neuroscience: An extra dimension to olfaction p637
The sense of smell is triggered by receptors in the olfactory epithelium that lines the nose. In mice at least, that lining is also responsible for receiving chemosensory cues involved in mating and other social behaviours.
John Ngai
10.1038/nature05001
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See also: Editor's summary

Materials science: Organosilica the conciliator p638
Acidic and basic molecules are antagonistic, and keeping them in their place is no easy job — unless, it seems, one unites them under the tutelage of ordered, nanoporous materials known as organosilicas.
Mietek Jaroniec
10.1038/442638a
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Solar System: Sifting through the debris p640
A quadrillion previously unnoticed small bodies beyond Neptune have been spotted as they dimmed X-rays from a distant source. Models of the dynamics of debris in the Solar System's suburbs must now be reworked.
Asantha Cooray
10.1038/442640a
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See also: Editor's summary

Neurodegenerative disease: Cut to the chase p641
A family of enzymes called caspases — best known for their involvement in programmed cell death — now seems to be pivotal in the progression of two neurodegenerative diseases.
Lisa M. Ellerby and Harry T. Orr
10.1038/442641a
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50 & 100 years ago p642
10.1038/442642a
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Microscopy: Nanotomography comes of age p642
The use of X-rays to construct three-dimensional tomographic images is well established in medicine. The same principle is being extended to the nanoscale, bringing us startlingly accurate pictures of tiny objects.
David Attwood
10.1038/442642b
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Neuroscience: Making faces in the brain p644
Artificially activating the right neurons at the right time causes visual perception of a face. This new result shows that such neurons directly underlie the recognition of complex objects.
James J. DiCarlo
10.1038/nature05000
Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Articles

Top

A second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium p645
Stephen D. Liberles and Linda B. Buck
10.1038/nature05066
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Ngai

Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity p651
Olaf Gross et al.
10.1038/nature04926
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Letters

Top

A probable stellar solution to the cosmological lithium discrepancy p657
The predicted primordial lithium abundance is a factor of two to three times higher than the value measured in the atmospheres of old stars. This discrepancy is resolved by showing that trends in the abundances of other elements are explained by turbulent mixing, which takes the lithium deep into the stars and destroys it.
A. J. Korn et al.
10.1038/nature05011
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Occultation of X-rays from Scorpius X-1 by small trans-neptunian objects p660
This paper reports the occultation of X-rays from Scorpius X-1 at millisecond timescales, which they attribute to a population of small trans-neptunian objects.
Hsiang-Kuang Chang et al.
10.1038/nature04941
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Tracking the motion of charges in a terahertz light field by femtosecond X-ray diffraction p664
Terahertz radiation propagating through ferroelectric lithium tantalate (LiTa03) couples to lattice vibrations, resulting in phonon-polariton waves. The new X-ray diffraction technique makes it possible to follow directly the absolute displacements of ions in the lattice that underlie the propagation of these waves.
A. Cavalleri et al.
10.1038/nature05041
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Supercurrent reversal in quantum dots p667
This paper reports a study of supercurrents through a quantum dot created in a semiconductor nanowire by local electrostatic gating. Owing to strong Coulomb interaction, electrons only tunnel one-by-one through the discrete energy levels of the quantum dot. This, nevertheless, can yield a supercurrent when subsequent tunnel events are coherent.
Jorden A. van Dam et al.
10.1038/nature05018
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum p671
Mark Pagani et al.
10.1038/nature05043
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

The dynamics of melt and shear localization in partially molten aggregates p676
Richard F. Katz, Marc Spiegelman and Benjamin Holtzman
10.1038/nature05039
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos p680
Philip C. J. Donoghue et al.
10.1038/nature04890
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Minimal ProtoHox cluster inferred from bilaterian and cnidarian Hox complements p684
Hox clusters in the cnidarians Nematostella vectensis and Hydra magnipapillata have genes that correspond to anterior-group Hox genes in Bilateria, but the remainder of the Hox genes shows signs of an independent origin.
D. Chourrout et al.
10.1038/nature04863
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Mesodermal Wnt2b signalling positively regulates liver specification p688
This paper describes the identification of the only single gene that is known to exclusively regulate liver specification, and shows that liver formation is regulated by inductive Wnt signals and crosstalk between the endoderm and mesoderm along the gut tube.
Elke A. Ober, Heather Verkade, Holly A. Field and Didier Y. R. Stainier
10.1038/nature04888
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Microstimulation of inferotemporal cortex influences face categorization p692
Seyed-Reza Afraz, Roozbeh Kiani and Hossein Esteky
10.1038/nature04982
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by DiCarlo

Enzymatic activation of voltage-gated potassium channels p696
Yajamana Ramu, Yanping Xu and Zhe Lu
10.1038/nature04880
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

An ARC/Mediator subunit required for SREBP control of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis p700
A subunit of the ARC/Mediator co-activator complex is a key effector of the SREBP transcription factor during regulation of lipid homeostasis in human cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. The SREBP activation domain directly targets a KIX domain on ARC105/MED15
Fajun Yang et al.
10.1038/nature04942
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Sub1A is an ethylene-response-factor-like gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice p705
A gene that enables some strains of rice to survive under water for a period of time is identified. Furthermore, this gene confers its submergence tolerance when transferred into a strain of rice that normally dies when submerged under water.
Kenong Xu et al.
10.1038/nature04920
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Assembly dynamics of microtubules at molecular resolution p709
A single-molecule approach was used to observe the growth dynamics of individual microtubules. Observations suggest that small tubulin oligomers can add directly to growing microtubules, and that the protein XMAP215 facilitates the addition of longer oligomers.
Jacob W. J. Kerssemakers et al.
10.1038/nature04928
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Naturejobs

Top

Prospect
Prospects p713
New Postdoc is caught up in Israeli-Hezbollah conflict.
Paul Smaglik
10.1038/nj7102-713a
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Region
Japan's other research hub p714
The city of Sendai has much to offer research and industry, but, says David Cyranoski, competition for funding and brains is stiff.
10.1038/nj7103-714a
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Futures

Top

Statler pulchrifex p718
Make love and war.
Matt Weber
10.1038/442718a
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Advance Online Publication

Top

09 August 2006
LETTERS
The emergence of geometric order in proliferating metazoan epithelia
Matthew C. Gibson, Ankit B. Patel, Radhika Nagpal and Norbert Perrimon
doi: 10.1038/nature05014
Abstracts | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Nutrient regulates Tor1 nuclear localization and association with rDNA promoter
Hong Li, Chi Kwan Tsang, Marcus Watkins, Paula G. Bertram and X. F. Steven Zheng
doi: 10.1038/nature05020
Abstracts | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

06 August 2006
LETTER
Transgeneration memory of stress in plants
Jean Molinier, Gerhard Ries, Cyril Zipfel and Barbara Hohn
doi: 10.1038/nature05022
Full Text | PDF

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