Subject: Nature Contents: 21 September 2006 Volume 443 Number 7109, pp245-370

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2006 14:40:57 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 443 Number 7109 pp245-370

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In this issue
Authors
Editorials
Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Books and Arts
News and Views
Brief Communications
Brief Communications Arising
Review
Articles
Letters
Naturejobs
Futures

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Editor's summary
Advance online publication

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Lucy's baby

Palaeontologists have made a stunning find in the Ethiopian desert - the fossil remains of a child from the primitive human species Australopithecus afarensis.

Enjoy exclusive interviews with the scientists behind this discovery, analysis on the Nature Podcast, and much more in Nature's Hominid evolution and development web focus. Selected content is FREE ACCESS.

Editorials

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An ailing agency p245
Public health needs strong advocacy within government — and Congress should make sure that the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continues to provide it.
10.1038/443245a
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Libya's travesty p245
Six medical workers in Libya face execution. It is not too late for scientists to speak up on their behalf.
10.1038/443245b
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The brief goodbye p246
Because of trends in submissions, Nature's Brief Communications will bow out at the end of the year.
10.1038/443246a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p248
10.1038/443248a
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News

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Claims of brain drain follow CDC reshuffle p250
US may be ill-prepared for disease outbreaks.
Helen Pearson
10.1038/443250a
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Health agency backs use of DDT against malaria p250
Much-maligned pesticide returns to the front line.
Apoorva Mandavilli
10.1038/443250b
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Agency accused of 'illusion of integrity' p252
NIH grilled over handling of ethics breaches.
Meredith Wadman
10.1038/443252a
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Mystery surrounds lab death p253
Japanese biologist found poisoned at his bench.
Ichiko Fuyuno and David Cyranoski
10.1038/443253a
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Sidelines p254
10.1038/443254a
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Lawyers call for science to clear AIDS nurses in Libya p254
International pressure needed to save health workers from death penalty.
Declan Butler
10.1038/443254b
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Snapshot: Idol scans p256
An inside view of a holy statue.
Alison Abbott
10.1038/443256a
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That's no laser, it's a particle accelerator p256
Device mimics light source to speed up electrons.
Geoff Brumfiel
10.1038/443256b
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Business

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Sequencers step up to the speed challenge p258
In future, hospitals should be able to sequence patient DNA swiftly and cheaply. Rex Dalton reports on the firms bringing that day closer.
10.1038/443258a
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In brief p259
10.1038/443259a
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Market watch p259
10.1038/443259b
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News Features

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Medicine: Sleep it off p261
We've been told to eat less and move more to battle the growing obesity epidemic. But could getting more shuteye also be a way to fight the fat? Helen Pearson investigates.
10.1038/443261a
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See also: Editor's summary

Environmental science: A testing experience p265
Interdisciplinary research is the new buzzword, but does a grounding in different disciplines really make you better at solving problems? Amanda Haag joins an experiment to find out.
10.1038/443265a
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Palaeoanthropology: The history man p268
Maurice Taieb laid the groundwork for the discovery of Lucy, the most famous fossil human ancestor. Rex Dalton meets the Tunisian-born geologist who prefers the desert to the limelight.
10.1038/443268a
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See also: Editor's summary

Correspondence

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Freedom of the mind got Nature banned by the Nazis p271
Uwe Hoszfeld and Lennart Olsson
10.1038/443271a
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Iran: support for science does not outweigh crimes p271
Itamar Rabinovich
10.1038/443271b
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Iran is sixth, not second, in Middle East publication list p271
Eran Meshorer
10.1038/443271c
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Iran's progress towards nuclear capability is no joke p271
Guy Goodwin
10.1038/443271d
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Taking time to savour the rewards of slow science p271
Lisa Alleva
10.1038/443271e
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Books and Arts

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The road to hell? p273
The good intentions of a leading ecologist may not be enough to save Earth's biodiversity.
Simon Conway Morris reviews The Creation: An Appeal to Save Life on Earth by E. O. Wilson
10.1038/443273a
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Teeming boisterous life p274
Jon Copley reviews Sensuous Seas: Tales of a Marine Biologist by Eugene H. Kaplan
10.1038/443274a
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Astronomy through the years p274
Jay M. Pasachoff reviews The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology by Malcolm Longair
10.1038/443274b
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Failing the ailing p275
Andrew Scull reviews Bad Medicine: Doctors Doing Harm Since Hippocrates by David Wootton
10.1038/443275a
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Science in Culture: A miracle in sight p276
Adam Elsheimer painted the starry heavens in 1609.
Martin Kemp
10.1038/443276a
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See also: Editor's summary

News and Views

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Climate change: Greenland's ice on the scales p277
Satellite measurements of changes in Earth's gravity field reveal ice loss from Greenland's ice sheet. Over the past four years, this melt has contributed to global sea-level rise at an accelerating rate.
Tavi Murray
10.1038/443277a
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See also: Editor's summary

Palaeoanthropology: A precious little bundle p278
The three-million-year old skeleton of a three-year-old child provides an outstanding resource to understand the development of a human ancestor that seems to have both walked upright and climbed through trees.
Bernard Wood
10.1038/443278a
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See also: Editor's summary

50 & 100 years ago p279
10.1038/443279a
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Mathematical physics: Search research p281
How does one best search for non-replenishable targets at unknown positions? An optimized search strategy could be applied to situations as diverse as animal foraging and time-sensitive rescue missions.
Michael F. Shlesinger
10.1038/443281a
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HIV: Tired T cells turn around p282
HIV-1 prompts a massive cellular immune response, but eventually it tires the immune cells. Blocking the activation of a cell receptor called PD-1 might restore these exhausted cells.
Sarah Rowland-Jones and Tao Dong
10.1038/443282a
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See also: Editor's summary

Astronomy: Champagne supernova p283
Thermonuclear supernovae were thought to occur only when white-dwarf stars of a certain mass explode. The discovery of a supernova that is way over the mass limit might require a reworking of the model.
David Branch
10.1038/443283a
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See also: Editor's summary

Stem cells: A new route to rejuvenation p284
Embryonic stem cells are prized for their ability to mature into all the specialized adult cell types. It may now be possible to reprogramme adult body cells to have the characteristics of stem cells.
M. Azim Surani and Anne McLaren
10.1038/443284a
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Chemical biology: A sweet exchange p285
Many drugs isolated from microorganisms have complex molecular structures, making it difficult for chemists to modify them. But it seems that enzymes can provide a short cut to drug variants.
Christopher T. Walsh
10.1038/443285a
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Brief Communications

Top

Induction of an illusory shadow person p287
Shahar Arzy et al.
10.1038/443287a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Brief Communications Arising

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Gene therapy: Is IL2RG oncogenic in T-cell development? pE5
Karin Pike-Overzet et al.
10.1038/nature05218
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Gene therapy: X-SCID transgene leukaemogenicity pE5
Adrian J. Thrasher et al.
10.1038/nature05219
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Gene therapy: Is IL2RG oncogenic in T-cell development?: X-SCID transgene leukaemogenicity (reply) pE6
Niels-Bjarne Woods et al.
10.1038/nature05220
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Review

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Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight p289
G. J. Morton et al.
10.1038/nature05026
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Articles

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A juvenile early hominin skeleton from Dikika, Ethiopia p296
Zeresenay Alemseged et al.
10.1038/nature05047
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Wood

Crystal structure of an H/ACA box ribonucleoprotein particle p302
Ling Li and Keqiong Ye
10.1038/nature05151
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Letters

Top

The type Ia supernova SNLS-03D3bb from a super-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf star p308
The high-redshift supernova SNLS-03D3bb has an exceptionally high luminosity and low kinetic energy, which both imply a super-Chandrasekhar mass progenitor.
D. Andrew Howell et al.
10.1038/nature05103
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Branch

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quenched ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate p312
This paper reports the observation of quantum phase transition to a ferromagnetic state in a gaseous spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. The formation of ferromagnetic domains and domain walls is observed, and spin vortices (containing non-zero spin current but no net mass current) detected in situ.
L. E. Sadler et al.
10.1038/nature05094
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

'Designer atoms' for quantum metrology p316
In quantum metrology, entangled states can be used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The use of a specially designed, entangled state of two Ca+ ions achieves an ultra-precise spectroscopic measurement of the electric quadrupole moment.
C. F. Roos et al.
10.1038/nature05101
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

A guest-free germanium clathrate p320
The structural, chemical and physical characterization of a low-density, empty germanium framework structure, or clathrate, synthesized using a new route exploiting an ionic liquid as a reaction medium is described.
Arnold M. Guloy et al.
10.1038/nature05145
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

The cause of the fragile relationship between the Pacific El Nino and the Atlantic Nino p324
Ping Chang et al.
10.1038/nature05053
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Murray

Acceleration of Greenland ice mass loss in spring 2004 p329
Isabella Velicogna and John Wahr
10.1038/nature05168
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Geological and palaeontological context of a Pliocene juvenile hominin at Dikika, Ethiopia p332
Jonathan G. Wynn et al.
10.1038/nature05048
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Wood

A common progenitor for haematopoietic and endothelial lineages in the zebrafish gastrula p337
In vivo evidence details the existence of the haemangioblast: a bipotential precursor of both blood and endothelial cells that has been hypothesized to exist for almost 100 years, but for which formal proof has so far been lacking.
Kevin M. Vogeli, Suk-Won Jin, Gail R. Martin and Didier Y. R. Stainier
10.1038/nature05045
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Topical drug rescue strategy and skin protection based on the role of Mc1r in UV-induced tanning p340
A small molecule that mimics enhanced melanocortin 1 receptor signalling in response to ultraviolet light can stimulate pigmentation and thereby protect mice with light skin from DNA damage and cancer formation.
John A. D'Orazio et al.
10.1038/nature05098
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Calcineurin/NFAT signalling regulates pancreatic ß-cell growth and function p345
Jeremy J. Heit et al.
10.1038/nature05097
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression p350
Cheryl L. Day et al.
10.1038/nature05115
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Rowland-Jones and Dong

Stoichiometry and turnover in single, functioning membrane protein complexes p355
The dynamic exchange of motor proteins in a functioning 45-nm rotary complex was observed in vivo and GFP-MotB stator proteins visualized in individual bacterial flagellar motors. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching reveals that the 22 MotB motor proteins exchange rapidly with a pool of free protein while the motor is actively rotating.
Mark C. Leake et al.
10.1038/nature05135
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Prevalence of off-target effects in Drosophila RNA interference screens p359
The use of long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in Drosophila, where Dicer-mediated processing produces small RNAs inside cells, has been thought to reduce the probability of 'off-target effects' (OTEs). However, this study shows that OTEs mediated by short homology stretches within long dsRNAs are prevalent in Drosophila.
Yong Ma, Adrian Creanga, Lawrence Lum and Philip A. Beachy
10.1038/nature05179
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Futures

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Dr Williamson and the master speed p370
Location, location, location.
Michael Livingston
10.1038/443370a
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Naturejobs

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Prospect
Prospects p365
Paul Smaglik
10.1038/nj7109-365a
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Region
Up and coming p366
Beyond the urban chaos of New York City lies a tranquil state with abundant career opportunities, says Ricki Lewis.
Ricki Lewis
10.1038/nj7109-366a
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Career Views
Arthur Ellis, vice-chancellor for research, University of California, San Diego p368
Virginia Gewin
10.1038/nj7109-368a
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The mouse house p368
Hannah Hoag
10.1038/nj7109-368b
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Farewell to the hive p368
Katja Bargum
10.1038/nj7109-368c
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Advance Online Publication

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20 September 2006
LETTER
Direct observation of individual RecA filaments assembling on single DNA molecules
Roberto Galletto, Ichiro Amitani, Ronald J. Baskin and Stephen C. Kowalczykowski
doi: 10.1038/nature05197
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

17 September 2006
Article
Symbiosis insights through metagenomic analysis of a microbial consortium
Tanja Woyke et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05192
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

NEWS AND VIEWS
Genomics: Blueprints for partnerships
David A. Stahl and Seana K. Davidson
doi: 10.1038/nature05208
Full Text | PDF

Nature Reviews Genetics Focus on Statistical Analysis
Research fields as disparate as population genetics and transcription profiling rely on quantitative descriptions, for which statistical analysis tools have become essential. Don't miss out on this Focus and the accompanying audio supplement, which aim to familiarize readers with the current and debated issues in the statistical analysis of genetic data.

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