Subject: Nature Contents: 12 October 2006 Volume 443 Number 7112, pp605-722

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2006 14:21:33 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 443 Number 7112 pp605-722

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In this issue
Authors
Editorials
Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Books and Arts
News and Views
Brief Communications
Review
Articles
Letters
Addendum
Corrigendum
Naturejobs
Futures

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Editor's summary
Advance online publication

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Editorials

Top

A global folly p605
If not a global non-nuclear proliferation regime based on international treaties, then what?
10.1038/443605a
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Forgotten plights p605
Scientists' human-rights groups deserve stronger backing.
10.1038/443605b
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Ambassador for Earth p606
Is it time for SETI to reach out to the stars?
10.1038/443606a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p608
10.1038/443608a
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News

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The fizzle heard around the world p610
North Korea's nuclear test raises more questions than answers. Despite the small size of the blast, Jim Giles and Geoff Brumfiel get little reassurance from the weapon watchers.
10.1038/443610a
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Protests mount against Libyan trial p612
Support grows for accused medics.
Declan Butler
10.1038/443612a
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Nobel prize blurs boundaries p615
"But is it chemistry?" ask chemists.
Katharine Sanderson
10.1038/443615a
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Intelligent design gets political p615
Teaching creationism becomes an election issue in Michigan.
Geoff Brumfiel
10.1038/443615b
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Sidelines p616
10.1038/443616a
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Hard-hitting endeavour captures Ig Nobel p616
Woodpecker research flies away with alternative prize.
Steve Nadis
10.1038/443616b
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News in brief p618
10.1038/443618
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Correction p619
10.1038/443619
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Business

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Hell on no wheels p621
The crash of a demonstration train in Germany casts a shadow on magnetic levitation technology. Ned Stafford reports.
10.1038/443621a
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News Features

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Oceanography: The real sea change p622
What can pirates' journals and centuries-old cookbooks teach modern-day ecologists? Mark Schrope meets the researchers who trawl history books for deeper insights into marine ecosystems.
10.1038/443622a
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See also: Editor's summary

AIDS in Africa: A question of trust p626
AIDS treatment in South Africa is often a tug-of-war between clinicians and traditional healers. Natasha Bolognesi meets a woman who is uniquely qualified to heal the rift.
10.1038/443626a
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Depression: Comfortably numb p629
It started life as an anaesthetic, then became a psychedelic club drug. Now researchers think ketamine could hold the key to understanding and treating depression, says Erika Check.
10.1038/443629a
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See also: Editor's summary

Correspondence

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Biochemistry has outgrown its traditional boundaries p632
Chris Kirk
10.1038/443632a
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Videos have starring role to play in protocol sharing p632
Matias Pasquali
10.1038/443632b
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Consistency tests establish empirical generalizations p632
Brian D. Haig
10.1038/443632c
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Chimp comparisons won't explain human evolution p632
Robert Barton
10.1038/443632d
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Science prediction rate would be good in gambling p632
Kenneth D. Pimple
10.1038/443632e
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Books and Arts

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Evolution's highest branches p633
An intriguing tour around and, especially, up the tree of life.
Matthew A. Wills reviews Creatures of Accident: The Rise of the Animal Kingdom by Wallace Arthur
10.1038/443633a
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Psychoneuroindoctrinology p634
Rebecca M. YoungEvan Balaban reviews The Female Brain by Louann Brizendine
10.1038/443634a
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A comprehensive medical history p635
Andreas-Holger Maehle reviews The Western Medical Tradition: 1800 to 2000 by W. F. Bynum Anne Hardy Stephen Jacyna Christopher Lawrence E. M. (Tilli) Tansey
10.1038/443635a
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The background buzz p635
P. V. E. McClintock reviews Noise by Bart Kosko
10.1038/443635b
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Science in culture: A modern megalith p636
Mariko Mori's glass sculpture responds to the death of stars.
Martin Kemp
10.1038/443636a
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See also: Editor's summary

News and Views

Top

Particle physics: Did the big bang boil? p637
Standard theories tell us that, at some point in the Universe's evolution, free quarks and gluons must have become bound together into the hadronic matter we see today. But was this transition abrupt or smooth?
Frank Wilczek
10.1038/443637a
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See also: Editor's summary

Evolutionary biology: Fly eyes get the whole picture p638
The compound eyes of ancestral flies picked up only one picture point in each facet. The evolution of a means to split up the light-sensitive cells increased this number to seven, boosting the eye's resolution greatly.
Kevin Moses
10.1038/nature05209
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See also: Editor's summary

50 & 100 years ago p639
10.1038/443639a
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Physical chemistry: Seeds of phase change p641
An effective but counter-intuitive trick to obtain highly ordered protein crystals is to 'seed' particles on disordered, porous surfaces. Computer simulations provide an explanation for the success of this strategy.
Daan Frenkel
10.1038/443641a
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Neuroscience: Controlled capillaries p642
The finest scale of blood flow through the brain occurs in capillaries. Suspicions that capillary flow is regulated by cells that put the squeeze on these vessels are now borne out by detailed experiments.
Brian A. MacVicar and Michael W. Salter
10.1038/443642a
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See also: Editor's summary

Developmental biology: A change of heart p642
Helen Dell
10.1038/443642b
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Earth sciences: Ups and downs of ancient oxygen p643
The latest models suggest that atmospheric oxygen could have fluctuated between high and low concentrations once photosynthesis had evolved. But does the geological evidence really support this?
James F. Kasting
10.1038/443643a
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See also: Editor's summary

Ecology: Moving to the ideal free home p645
Pike move between two basins of a British lake to maximize their evolutionary fitness. This adaptive behaviour suggests that habitat selection is more significant in population dynamics than was thought.
Douglas W. Morris
10.1038/443645a
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Cell biology: Mitochondria shape up p646
Mitochondria are central to the process of programmed cell death that kills damaged or superfluous cells. Surprisingly, components of the death machinery turn out to be essential for keeping these organelles in shape.
Barbara Conradt
10.1038/443646a
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See also: Editor's summary

Brief Communications

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An accessory chromophore in red vision p649
The rods in salamanders' retinas can co-opt a molecule derived from chlorophyll to detect red light.
T. Isayama et al.
10.1038/443649a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Corrigendum p649
10.1038/443649b
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Review

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Phosphoinositides in cell regulation and membrane dynamics p651
Gilbert Di Paolo and Pietro De Camilli
10.1038/nature05185
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

Articles

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Role of Bax and Bak in mitochondrial morphogenesis p658
Mariusz Karbowski et al.
10.1038/nature05111
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

Structure of eEF3 and the mechanism of transfer RNA release from the E-site p663
The crystal structures and cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of eEF3 on its own and attached to the ribosome are resolved, providing an insight into how eEF3 functions as a translation factor on the A and E sites on a ribosome.
Christian B. F. Andersen et al.
10.1038/nature05126
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Letters

Top

The sequestration of ethane on Titan in smog particles p669
The mysterious absence or rarity of liquid ethane on Titan is explained by its condensation onto the smog particles in the atmosphere at the cold temperatures. This dusty combination of smog and ethane forms deposits several kilometres thick on the surface, named 'smust'.
D. M. Hunten
10.1038/nature05157
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator p671
Experiments investigating strong interactions of light and matter at the single-photon level usually involve single atoms in mirrored cavities, but these are technically complex. This paper reports an alternative approach, demonstrating strong coupling between individual caesium atoms and the fields of a high-quality toroidal microresonator.
Takao Aoki et al.
10.1038/nature05147
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics p675
The standard model of particle physics predicts two transitions that are relevant for the evolution of the early Universe. Computationally demanding calculations now reveal that a real phase transition did not occur, but rather an analytic crossover, involving a rapid change (as opposed to a jump) as the temperature varies.
Y. Aoki et al.
10.1038/nature05120
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Origin of the dielectric dead layer in nanoscale capacitors p679
New theoretical work nails down the microscopic origin of 'dead layers' in nanometre-scale capacitors and demonstrates that it is an intrinsic effect. The results provide practical guidelines for minimizing the deleterious effects of the dielectric dead layer, for example regarding the choice of electrode.
Massimiliano Stengel and Nicola A. Spaldin
10.1038/nature05148
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Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation p683
Colin Goldblatt, Timothy M. Lenton and Andrew J. Watson
10.1038/nature05169
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Long-period astronomical forcing of mammal turnover p687
Jan A. van Dam et al.
10.1038/nature05163
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Low-coverage vaccination strategies for the conservation of endangered species p692
A vaccination strategy against rabies in the endangered Ethiopian wolf aims to control the spread of disease through habitat corridors between subpopulations using only low vaccination coverage. This approach reduces the extent of rabies outbreaks, and should significantly enhance the long-term persistence of the population.
D. T. Haydon et al.
10.1038/nature05177
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Transforming the architecture of compound eyes p696
Andrew C. Zelhof, Robert W. Hardy, Ann Becker and Charles S. Zuker
10.1038/nature05128
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Bidirectional control of CNS capillary diameter by pericytes p700
Claire M. Peppiatt, Clare Howarth, Peter Mobbs and David Attwell
10.1038/nature05193
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Fast neurotransmitter release triggered by Ca influx through AMPA-type glutamate receptors p705
Andres E. Chavez, Joshua H. Singer and Jeffrey S. Diamond
10.1038/nature05123
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Identification of nesfatin-1 as a satiety molecule in the hypothalamus p709
A secreted protein, nesfatin-1, is expressed in the hypothalamus and induces the feeling of being full. In rats, its injection into the brain decreases food intake, but blocking its action stimulates appetite.
Shinsuke Oh-I et al.
10.1038/nature05162
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

The neurodegenerative disease protein aprataxin resolves abortive DNA ligation intermediates p713
Aprataxin cleans up unfinished DNA ligation intermediates. By cleaving off an adenylate group at the site of a ligatable nick, aprataxin generates ends that can then be re-ligated. This suggests that neurodegeneration results from the accumulation of these intermediates in post-mitotic neuronal cells.
Ivan Ahel et al.
10.1038/nature05164
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Addendum

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Sustainability of three apple production systems p717
John P. Reganold, Jerry D. Glover, Preston K. Andrews and Herbert R. Hinman
10.1038/nature05188
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Corrigendum

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Structure of the E. coli protein-conducting channel bound to a translating ribosome p718
Kakoli Mitra et al.
10.1038/nature05086
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Futures

Top

Picasso's cat p722
The editor's wavefunction collapses.
Ron Collins
10.1038/443722a
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Naturejobs

Top

Prospect
Prospects p719
Ricki Lewis takes a sharp look at a varied field.
Paul Smaglik
10.1038/nj7112-719a
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Career Views
King Holmes, director, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle p720
New public health challenges for King Holmes at the University of Washington.
Virginia Gewin
10.1038/nj7112-720a
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More than one route to PhD success p720
Two researchers offer their take on how to succeed as a PhD student.
Sarah Bekessy and Brendan Wintle
10.1038/nj7112-720b
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Lab life or love life? p720
Sometimes dedication in the lab leaves little time for personal relationships.
Mhairi Dupré
10.1038/nj7112-720c
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Advance Online Publication

Top

11 October 2006
ARTICLE
Crystal structure of a rhomboid family intramembrane protease
Yongcheng Wang, Yingjiu Zhang and Ya Ha
doi: 10.1038/nature05255
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

LETTER
Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism
Yuequan Shen, Andrzej Joachimiak, Marsha Rich Rosner and Wei-Jen Tang
doi: 10.1038/nature05143
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

NEWS AND VIEWS
Structural biology: Enzyme theory holds water
Matthew Freeman
doi: 10.1038/nature05305
Full Text | PDF

Structural biology: Enzyme target to latch on to
Malcolm A. Leissring and Dennis J. Selkoe
doi: 10.1038/nature05210
Full Text | PDF

08 October 2006
ARTICLE
Surface expression of MHC class II in dendritic cells is controlled by regulated ubiquitination
Jeoung-Sook Shin, et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05261
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Nature Reviews Therapeutic Proteins Collection
October 2006
Nature Reviews presents a Therapeutic proteins collection, which includes Research Highlights, Reviews and Perspectives articles from Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Nature Reviews Cancer and Nature Reviews Immunology.

This Collection highlights our current understanding of the design, generation and application of proteins as therapeutics, and will be free online for six months with generous support from Invitrogen.

Visit www.nature.com/reviews/focus/therapeuticproteins

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