Subject: Nature Contents: 28 September 2006 Volume 443 Number 7110, pp371-480

From: "Nature Alert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2006 14:11:27 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 443 Number 7110 pp371-480

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In this issue
Editorials
Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Books and Arts
News and Views
Brief Communications
Brief Communications Arising
Articles
Letters
Naturejobs
Futures

Also this week
Editor's summary
Advance online publication

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Editorials

Top

Priorities in astronomy p371
US astronomers are being forced to revisit their widely admired system for ranking large projects.
10.1038/443371a
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A German academy p371
In seeking to build a credible national academy from scratch, Germany faces a tough challenge.
10.1038/443371b
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Reforms on drug safety p372
Critics of the US Food and Drug Administration have a valid point.
10.1038/443372a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p374
10.1038/443374a
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News

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Stem cells derived from 'dead' human embryo p376
IVF cast-offs could provide 'ethical' source of eggs.
Helen Pearson and Alison Abbott
10.1038/443376a
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Superconductivity research is down but not out p376
Absolute zero: survey suggests no papers for field after 2015.
Katharine Sanderson
10.1038/443376b
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Is US hurricane report being quashed? p378
Some NOAA scientists say political appointees blocked climate-change message.
Jim Giles
10.1038/443378a
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Snapshot: Face facts p379
A blow for Mars conspiracy theorists.
Jenny Hogan
10.1038/443379a
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Statistical flaw trips up study of bad stats p379
Experts disagree over reanalysis of original data.
Jim Giles
10.1038/443379b
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Sidelines p380
10.1038/443380a
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Bad Boys question received wisdom on HIV p380
Cleveland gang tackle relation of viral load to AIDS.
Erika Check
10.1038/443380b
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Mouse brain map is complete p380
Gene expression database goes online
David Brill
10.1038/443380c
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'Big science' protein project under fire p382
Critics question results as Protein 3000 winds down
David Cyranoski
10.1038/443382a
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Business

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Turbulent times p385
The bid by Airbus to challenge the Boeing 747's dominance of the market faces an aerodynamic obstacle. Ned Stafford reports.
10.1038/443385a
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News Features

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Wishing for the stars p386
US astronomers are renowned for getting together and choosing their projects as a group. But just as these tactics are catching on in other fields, some say the astronomy process is grinding to a halt. Geoff Brumfiel investigates.
10.1038/443386a
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Shaken, not stirred p390
Hagia Sophia has stood four-square in Istanbul for more than 1,500 years. Virginia Hughes finds out how this venerable building has resisted the area's numerous earthquakes.
10.1038/443390a
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See also: Editor's summary

Science journalism: Fighting a reporting battle p392
Science journalists in the developing world face unique stumbling blocks, even as some of the biggest science stories unfold around them. Mike Shanahan reports.
10.1038/443392a
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Correspondence

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Hungary's 'reforms' are threatening basic science p394
Zsuzsanna Izsvak, Zoltan Ivics and Lajos Mates
10.1038/443394a
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Challenge of choosing right level of microarray detail p394
Ron Edgar
10.1038/443394b
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Funders with money to spare could just pay more p394
Shantenu Jha
10.1038/443394c
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Piltdown wasn't cricket but does the hobbit ring true? p394
Simon L. Goodman
10.1038/443394d
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Books and Arts

Top

The making of the modern world p395
The end of the Second World War heralded a revolution in the use of technology in the West.
Nasir Tyabji reviews Transforming the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations and their Consequences by Vaclav Smil
10.1038/443395a
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Science uncut p396
Lee M. Silver reviews Sex, Drugs and DNA: Science's Taboos Confronted by Michael Stebbins
10.1038/443396a
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See also: Editor's summary

Border crossings p397
Transboundary Conservation: A New Vision for Protected Areas
10.1038/443397a
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The moral element p397
Prashanth Ak reviews Against Bioethics by Jonathan Baron
10.1038/443397b
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In Retrospect: Intellect and intuition p398
Gautam R Desiraju reviews An Idealist View of Life by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
10.1038/443398a
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News and Views

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Ecology: A pitcher of things to come p399
Big conclusions can be drawn from the tiny ecosystems that flourish in carnivorous pitcher plants. Manipulating habitat size and predator abundance reveals which is more important to ecosystem dynamics.
Jonathan B Shurin
10.1038/443399a
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Chemistry: Hydrogen at the flick of a switch p400
Before hydrogen can be used as a transportation fuel, a safe storage system for the gas must be found. Metal clusters that release hydrogen in response to an electric current may be a step in the right direction.
Masanori Takimoto and Zhaomin Hou
10.1038/443400a
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Evolution: Different paths to the same end p401
Genetic dissection of a yeast gene-regulatory pathway shows that the logical output of such a pathway can remain the same even though the molecular mechanisms underlying the output have diverged remarkably.
Antonis Rokas
10.1038/443401a
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Condensed-matter physics: Coherent questions p403
Bose–Einstein condensation occurs when many particles enter into the same, coherent quantum state, and is now claimed to occur in various systems of 'quasiparticles' in solids. But is it the right term to use here?
David Snoke
10.1038/443403a
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See also: Editor's summary

Ageing: Balancing regeneration and cancer p404
The proliferation of cells must balance the longevity assured by tissue renewal against the risk of developing cancer. The tumour-suppressor protein p16INK4aseems to act at the pivot of this delicate equilibrium.
Christian M Beausejour and Judith Campisi
10.1038/nature05221
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See also: Editor's summary

Climate change: A nasty surprise in the greenhouse p405
The Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as methane. But it seems that the fall in human-induced methane emissions in the 1990s was only transitory, and atmospheric methane might rise again.
Jos Lelieveld
10.1038/443405a
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See also: Editor's summary

Brief Communications

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Biomaterials: Silk-like secretion from tarantula feet p407
Stanislav N Gorb et al.
10.1038/443407a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Brief Communications Arising

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Plant genetics: Increased outcrossing in hothead mutants pE8
Peng Peng, Simon W.-L. Chan, Govind A. Shah and Steve E. Jacobsen
10.1038/nature05251
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Increased outcrossing in hothead mutants (Reply) pE8
Susan J. Lolle, Robert E. Pruitt, J. L. Victor and J. M. Young
10.1038/nature05252
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Articles

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Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons p409
This paper presents a comprehensive set of experiments in which polaritons are excited in a semiconductor microcavity. Above a critical density of polaritons, massive occupation of the ground state at 19 K is observed and various pieces of experimental evidence point to a spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase.
J. Kasprzak et al.
10.1038/nature05131
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Snoke

Evolution of alternative transcriptional circuits with identical logic p415
A detailed molecular analysis of related yeast species shows that progressively opposed genetic logics can evolve while resulting in a conserved phenotypic output:mating-type determination. This is the first clear demonstration of the 'genetic drift' principle at a molecular level.
Annie E. Tsong, Brian B. Tuch, Hao Li and Alexander D. Johnson
10.1038/nature05099
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: News and Views by Rokas

Stem-cell ageing modified by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a p421
Three separate labs report that p16INK4a, a protein known to be expressed in an age-dependent manner regulates ageing specifically in stem cells. Studying its role in regeneration of three different tissues, the blood, pancreas, and brain, the three groups separately found that p16INK4a is not only a biomarker, but an effector of ageing.
Viktor Janzen et al.
10.1038/nature05159
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Beausejour Campisi

Letters

Top

Infall of gas as the formation mechanism of stars up to 20 times more massive than the Sun p427
Observations of an ammonia line towards a high-mass star forming region indicate that the gas is falling inwards towards a very young star of 20 times more massive than the Sun, in line with theoretical predictions of non-spherical accretion.
Maria T. Beltran et al.
10.1038/nature05074
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Bose-Einstein condensation of quasi-equilibrium magnons at room temperature under pumping p430
Bose-Einstein condensation, the formation of a collective quantum state of identical particles, called bosons, is observed at room temperature in a gas of magnons, which are a type of magnetic excitation.
S. O. Demokritov et al.
10.1038/nature05117
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Snoke

Violation of the incompressibility of liquid by simple shear flow p434
This paper details that the incompressibility of fluids can be violated for even simple shear flows if the density dependence of the viscosity is taken into account. The results may shed light on various phenomena associated with the mechanical instabilities of liquids at low Reynolds number.
Akira Furukawa and Hajime Tanaka
10.1038/nature05119
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Contribution of anthropogenic and natural sources to atmospheric methane variability p439
Inverse modelling is used to quantify variations in methane emissions from different sources from 1983-2004 reveals that a decrease in the growth rate of atmospheric methane during the 1990s was caused by a decrease in anthropogenic emissions, but that anthropogenic emissions have increased again since 1999.
P. Bousquet et al.
10.1038/nature05132
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary| News and Views by Lelieveld

Continental-scale patterns of canopy tree composition and function across Amazonia p444
Two dominant gradients in tree composition and function across the Amazon reflect patterns of soil fertility and differences in the length of the dry season length. The dominance of legumes in the Guiana shield may be due to high seed mass and low rates of disturbance, rather than root adaptations to poor soils.
Hans ter Steege et al.
10.1038/nature05134
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Increasing p16 INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing p448
Three separate labs report that p16INK4a, a protein known to be expressed in an age-dependent manner regulates ageing specifically in stem cells. Studying its role in regeneration of three different tissues, the blood, pancreas, and brain, the three groups separately found that p16INK4a is not only a biomarker, but an effector of ageing.
Anna V. Molofsky et al.
10.1038/nature05091
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Beausejour Campisi

p16INK4a induces an age-dependent decline in islet regenerative potential p453
Three separate labs report that p16INK4a, a protein known to be expressed in an age-dependent manner regulates ageing specifically in stem cells. Studying its role in regeneration of three different tissues, the blood, pancreas, and brain, the three groups separately found that p16INK4a is not only a biomarker, but an effector of ageing.
Janakiraman Krishnamurthy et al.
10.1038/nature05092
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Beausejour Campisi

BRX mediates feedback between brassinosteroid levels and auxin signalling in root growth p458
New evidence suggests that as early as in embryogenic root growth, brassinosteriods and auxin communicate through a feedback loop that maintains brassinosteroid levels in an auxin-dependent manner. In turn, brassinosteroid levels are rate-limiting for auxin-induced transcriptional responses.
Celine F. Mouchel, Karen S. Osmont and Christian S. Hardtke
10.1038/nature05130
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Centrosome polarization delivers secretory granules to the immunological synapse p462
In cytotoxic T lymphocytes, polarized granule delivery occurs by a mechanism that does not require actin or plus-end microtubule motors, but only minus-end directed granule transport. It is also controlled by movement of the centrosome to contact the plasma membrane at the immunological synapse.
Jane C. Stinchcombe et al.
10.1038/nature05071
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Structural insights into yeast septin organization from polarized fluorescence microscopy p466
Polarized fluorescence microscopy of green fluorescent protein rigidly attached to septin was used to determine septin filament organization and dynamics. The filaments form ordered assemblies in living yeast and undergo a 90-degree rotation before the onset of cytokinesis. This suggests that septins play a mechanical role in cell division.
Alina M. Vrabioiu and Timothy J. Mitchison
10.1038/nature05109
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Ion permeation through the Na+,K+-ATPase p470
Nicolas Reyes and David C. Gadsby
10.1038/nature05129
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Futures

Top

Twenty2 p480
The city without secrets.
Nate Balding
10.1038/443480a
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Naturejobs

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Prospect
Prospects p475
Paul Smaglik
10.1038/nj7110-475a
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Special Report
Building a better foundation p476
Europeans have traditionally expected their governments to fund research. But foundations are hoping to play a major new role, says Gene Russo.
Gene Russo
10.1038/nj7110-476a
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Career Views
Haifan Lin, director, stem-cell programme, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut p478
Virginia Gewin
10.1038/nj7110-478a
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Investing in people p478
Sohaila Rastan
10.1038/nj7110-478b
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Sounds of scientists p478
Milan de Vries
10.1038/nj7110-478c
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Advance Online Publication

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27 September 2006
LETTER
Functional epistasis on a common MHC haplotype associated with multiple sclerosis
Jon W. Gregersen et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05133
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Co-evolution of transcriptional and post-translational cell-cycle regulation
Lars Juhl Jensen et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05186
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses induced by 1918 influenza virus
John C. Kash et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05181
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Identification of a mammalian mitochondrial porphyrin transporter
Partha C. Krishnamurthy et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05125
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Sodium-dependent uptake of inorganic phosphate by the intracellular malaria parasite
Kevin J. Saliba et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05149
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Reassembly of shattered chromosomes in Deinococcus radiodurans
Ksenija Zahradka et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05160
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

News and Views
Microbiology: Resurrecting a broken genom
Susan T. Lovett
doi: 10.1038/nature05190
Full Text | PDF

24 September 2006
Letter
Distinct catalytic and non-catalytic roles of ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-directed DNA methylation
Yijun Qi, Xingyue He, Xiu-Jie Wang, Oleksiy Kohany, Jerzy Jurka and Gregory J. Hannon
doi: 10.1038/nature05198
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

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