Subject: 07 September 2006 Volume 443 Number 7107, pp 1 - 120

From: "NatureAlert"<[email-masked]>
Date: Thu, 07 Sep 2006 08:34:48 -0400 (EDT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 443 Number 7107 pp1-120

This alert is sponsored by Invitrogen

In this issue
Authors
Editorials
Research Highlights
News
Business
News Features
Correspondence
Commentary
Books and Arts
Essay
News and Views
Brief Communications
Brief Communications Arising
Articles
Letters
Naturejobs
Futures

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Editor's summary
Authors
Podcast
Advance online publication

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This regularly updated web focus will provide a comprehensive overview of the energy landscape. Selected articles are FREE ACCESS.
http://info.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/hZuL0RreDU0Ch0BAXE0EN

Editorials

Top

Energy shame p1
The history of energy research highlights the importance and inadequacies of markets, and a yawning gap in the priorities of governments. It's time for a radical change.
10.1038/443001a
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Beauties of synthesis p1
How to excite an organic chemist.
10.1038/443001b
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Five years on p2
Immigration restrictions imposed after 11 September 2001 have eased, but improvements must continue.
10.1038/443002a
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Research Highlights

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Research highlights p4
10.1038/443004a
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See also: Editor's summary

News

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Safe passage p6
Lengthy visas delays and persistent security checks have turned foreign scientists away from the United States. Now the country is striving to woo them back. Geoff Brumfiel and Heidi Ledford report.
10.1038/443006a
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Mix and match: the hunt for what makes us human p8
Researchers sift primate genomes for clues to why human brains are so different.
Erika Check
10.1038/443008a
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Muslim council phases in lunar calendar p8
Direct sightings of the Moon will no longer define US festivals.
Ehsan Masood
10.1038/443008b
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When science and theology meet p10
Catholic Church ready to reject intelligent design.
Declan Butler
10.1038/443010a
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French confusion leaves Iranians locked out of meeting p10
Security concerns fuel fears that scientists may be ostracized.
Declan Butler
10.1038/443010b
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Sidelines p11
10.1038/443011a
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'Ethical' stem-cell paper under attack p12
Study in Nature berated over lack of clarity.
Alison Abbott
10.1038/443012a
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Business

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The farmyard drug store p16
Pharmaceuticals made in genetically modified animals have been poised to take off for years. Heidi Ledford investigates the reality.
10.1038/443016a
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In brief p17
10.1038/443017a
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Market watch p17
Alexandra Witze
10.1038/443017b
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News Features

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Solar energy: A new day dawning? Silicon Valley sunrise p19
Sunlight is a ubiquitous form of energy, but not as yet an economic one. In the first of two features, Oliver Morton looks at how interest in photovoltaic research is heating up in California's Silicon Valley. In the second, Carina Dennis talks to Australian researchers hoping to harness the dawn Sun's heat.
10.1038/443019a
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See also: Editor's summary

Solar energy: Radiation nation p23
Sunlight is a ubiquitous form of energy, but not as yet an economic one. In the first of two features, Oliver Morton looked at how interest in photovoltaic research is heating up in California's Silicon Valley. In this, the second, Carina Dennis talks to Australian researchers hoping to harness the dawn Sun's heat.
10.1038/443023a
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See also: Editor's summary

Correspondence

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Refund fertility-treatment costs for donated embryos p26
Boon Chin Heng and Tong Cao
10.1038/443026a
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Dogma, not faith, is the barrier to scientific enquiry p26
U Kutschera
10.1038/443026b
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Author lists: specify who did what to aid assessment p26
Marcos V C Vital
10.1038/443026c
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And finally... p26
R Martyn Bracewell, Steve Tipper and Robert Rafal
10.1038/443026d
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Commentary

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Selling out on nature p27
With scant evidence that market-based conservation works, argues Douglas J. McCauley, the time is ripe for returning to the protection of nature for nature's sake.
10.1038/443027a
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See also: Editor's summary

Books and Arts

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Hitting the right note p29
Our ability to predict events shapes the way we listen to and appreciate music.
Petr Janata reviews Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation by David Huron
10.1038/443029a
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See also: Editor's summary

Learning the mother tongue p30
Annette Karmiloff-Smith reviews The Infinite Gift: How Children Learn and Unlearn the Languages of the World by Charles Yang
10.1038/443030a
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Blowin' in the wind p31
Seeds: Time Capsules of Life by Rob Kesseler Wolfgang Stuppy
10.1038/443031a
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A pro-darwinian tool-kit p31
Mark Pagel reviews Darwinism and its Discontents by Michael Ruse
10.1038/443031b
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Essay

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Reflections on Wallace p33
An unpublished paper has recently come to light, which shows that even at an early age, Alfred Russel Wallace was bold enough to approach the scientific establishment with his ideas.
Charles H. Smith
10.1038/443033a
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See also: Editor's summary

News and Views

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Cancer biology: Infectious tumour cells p35
Cancer cells are generally viewed as a problem innate to their host, but evidence is mounting that they can evolve to become infectious agents and be transmitted between individuals.
David Dingli and Martin A. Nowak
10.1038/443035a
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Fluid dynamics: Turbulence lost in transience p36
Turbulence is generally regarded as a permanent feature of many fluid flows. That assumption is challenged by the claim that shear turbulence has a limited lifetime — albeit sometimes a very long one.
Daniel Perry Lathrop
10.1038/443036a
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See also: Editor's summary

Structural biology: Antiviral drugs fit for a purpose p37
Did drug researchers have a lucky break when they developed antiviral drugs for influenza? Crystal structures of enzymes from the H5N1 virus suggest that they did, and provide avenues for further exploration.
Ming Luo
10.1038/nature05003
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Mathematics: Controlling our errors p38
The Sato-Tate conjecture holds that the error term occurring in many important problems in number theory conforms to a specific probability distribution. That conjecture has now been proved for a large group of cases.
Barry Mazur
10.1038/443038a
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Analytical chemistry: Playing molecular tag p39
Richard Webb
10.1038/443039a
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50 & 100 years ago p40
10.1038/443040a
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Organic chemistry: Catalysts break symmetry p40
The creation of asymmetric molecules from symmetrical precursors is a useful strategy for organic synthesis. A new catalyst can accomplish this task through a unique, symmetry-breaking reaction.
Scott E. Denmark
10.1038/443040b
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See also: Editor's summary

Molecular biology: Sticky end in protein synthesis p41
It's not clear what general level of accuracy is required in translating the genetic code. But the protective role of proof-reading is evident from a case in which a small mistake has a catastrophic effect.
Herve Roy and Michael Ibba
10.1038/nature05002
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See also: Editor's summary

Brief Communications

Top

Nitrogen balance and Arctic throughflow p43
Waters moving east through the Arctic Ocean significantly contribute to nitrogen fixation in the Atlantic.
Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai, Eddy Carmack and Fiona McLaughlin
10.1038/443043a
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Brief Communications Arising

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Planetary science: Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum pE1
S. W. Squyres et al.
10.1038/nature05212
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Planetary science: Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum (Reply) pE2
Thomas M. McCollom and Brian M. Hynek
10.1038/nature05213
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Articles

Top

The structure of H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase suggests new opportunities for drug design p45
Rupert J. Russell et al.
10.1038/nature05114
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Luo

Editing-defective tRNA synthetase causes protein misfolding and neurodegeneration p50
In mice with the sticky mutation, the cells that are involved in motor coordination degenerate, due to a single nucleotide change in the enzyme called alanyl-tRNA synthetase. This demonstrates the potentially catastrophic consequences of small changes in the fidelity of translation.
Jeong Woong Lee et al.
10.1038/nature05096
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Roy Ibba

Letters

Top

Developing space weathering on the asteroid 25143 Itokawa p56
A dark region on a small (550-metre) asteroid, 25143 Itokawa, is significantly more space-weathered than a nearby bright region. This shows that space-weathered materials accumulate on small asteroids.
Takahiro Hiroi et al.
10.1038/nature05073
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Finite lifetime of turbulence in shear flows p59
The flow of a fluid down a straight pipe provides an example of a shear flow undergoing a sudden transition from laminar to turbulent motion. Experimental data and numerical calculations show that the lifetime of the turbulent state does not diverge, but rather increases exponentially with the Reynolds number.
Bjorn Hof, Jerry Westerweel, Tobias M. Schneider and Bruno Eckhardt
10.1038/nature05089
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A class of non-precious metal composite catalysts for fuel cells p63
A new class of low-cost, non-precious-metal-polymer composite catalysts has been developed. These are not yet as good as platinum, but perform reproducibly in H2-O2 fuel cells at high voltages and with good stability.
Rajesh Bashyam and Piotr Zelenay
10.1038/nature05118
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Enantioselective silyl protection of alcohols catalysed by an amino-acid-based small molecule p67
This study describes a simple catalyst that can be used to protect secondary alcohols with a silyl protecting group. High yields and enantioselectivies for a number of substrates were obtained. This, and related, catalysts may be used to synthesize, in a more practical and efficient manner, important organic molecules.
Yu Zhao, Jason Rodrigo, Amir H. Hoveyda and Marc L. Snapper
10.1038/nature05102
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Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming p71
Lakes formed by thawing of frozen ground in North Siberia emit methane through bubbling. Now this flux has been quantified, revealing that it may be five times higher than previously thought, requiring current estimates of methane emissions from northern wetlands to be increased by 10-63%.
K. M. Walter et al.
10.1038/nature05040
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Magma heating by decompression-driven crystallization beneath andesite volcanoes p76
Jon Blundy, Kathy Cashman and Madeleine Humphreys
10.1038/nature05100
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Potentiation of cortical inhibition by visual deprivation p81
An investigation of how cortical circuitry changes after a major manipulation of sensory input finds changes in cortical inhibitory circuitry. Out of the investigation also comes the description of a new form of synaptic plasticity between inhibitory interneurons and their targets.
Arianna Maffei, Kiran Nataraj, Sacha B. Nelson and Gina G. Turrigiano
10.1038/nature05079
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Experience-dependent representation of visual categories in parietal cortex p85
In monkeys trained to categorize motion direction, two cortical motion-processing areas were found to carry category information to different degrees: lateral intraparietal neurons responded to direction depending on their category membership whereas middle temporal neurons encoded only direction.
David J. Freedman and John A. Assad
10.1038/nature05078
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Interference among deleterious mutations favours sex and recombination in finite populations p89
By invoking a concept called Hill-Robertson interference, a computer simulation has been developed that selects for recombination regardless of whether deleterious mutations exhibit epistasis. This provides a new framework for understanding how recombination may have evolved.
Peter D. Keightley and Sarah P. Otto
10.1038/nature05049
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer p93
Denitrification, the biological conversion of nitrate to nitrogen, was believed to be restricted to bacteria and archaea. It has now been shown that highly abundant benthic foraminifers are also capable of denitrification, suggesting that much remains to be learned about the global nitrogen cycle.
Nils Risgaard-Petersen et al.
10.1038/nature05070
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Soma-germline interactions coordinate homeostasis and growth in the Drosophila gonad p97
Examining how the division rate of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the fly ovary is controlled finds that there is a feedback loop composed of positive and negative signals, whereby PGCs express an EGF ligand called Spitz, which is essential for survival of adjacent somatic cells, and the somatic cells in turn inhibit PGC proliferation.
Lilach Gilboa and Ruth Lehmann
10.1038/nature05068
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Sperm chromatin proteomics identifies evolutionarily conserved fertility factors p101
A proteomics strategy in Caenorhabditis elegans has identified spermatogenesis-specific factors required for DNA compaction, chromosome segregation and fertility, many of which cause male sterility in mice.
Diana S. Chu et al.
10.1038/nature05050
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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AtSNX1 defines an endosome for auxin-carrier trafficking in Arabidopsis p106
Trafficking of the phytohormone auxin throughout plant cells is highly regulated by a variety of plasma membrane auxin carriers. This study reports the discovery of a new intracellular compartment, the SNX1 endosomal compartment, which is involved in the trafficking of one of these auxin carriers.
Yvon Jaillais et al.
10.1038/nature05046
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
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Unravelling the dynamics of RNA degradation by ribonuclease II and its RNA-bound complex p110
Determination of the first structure for an RNase II in the absence and presence of RNA reveals that the domain structure is different than sequence analysis had predicted. The structural details explain why RNase II only acts on single-stranded RNA, and how it moves along the RNA to processively degrade it.
Carlos Frazao et al.
10.1038/nature05080
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: Editor's summary

Futures

Top

Tick-tock curly-wurly p120
Wha...?
Gareth Owens
10.1038/443120a
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Naturejobs

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Prospect
Prospects p115
Supplying industry with the right skills.
Paul Smaglik
10.1038/nj7105-953a
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Special Report
Masters of efficiency p116
Manufacturing jobs may be shifting from the large drug companies to contract organizations as firms re-evaluate their strengths. But scientists with analytical skills and an eye for efficiency can find a job transforming materials into medicines, says Hannah Hoag.
Hannah Hoag
10.1038/nj7107-116a
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Careers and Recruitment
Michael Morgan, chief scientific officer, Genome Canada, Ottawa, Canada p118
Michael Morgan takes on yet another genome project.
Virginia Gewin
10.1038/nj7107-118a
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A bridge from Portugal to the States p118
Postgraduate student society brings together Portuguese researchers studying abroad.
Tiago Fleming
10.1038/nj7107-118b
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Scheduling my defencep118
Scheduling a thesis defence can be harder than writing the thesis.
Andreas Andersson
10.1038/nj7107-118c
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Advance Online Publication

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06 September 2006
ARTICLE
Stem-cell ageing modified by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a
Viktor Janzen et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05159
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

LETTERS
The pathological response to DNA damage does not contribute to p53-mediated tumour suppression
M. A. Christophorou et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05077
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

p16INK4a induces an age-dependent decline in islet regenerative potential
Janakiraman Krishnamurthy et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05092
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Structure of the insulin receptor ectodomain reveals a folded-over conformation
Neil M. McKern et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05106
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

Increasing p16INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing
Kip Nalley et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature05091
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

NEWS AND VIEWS
Ageing: Balancing regeneration and cancer
Christian M. Beausejour and Judith Campisi
doi: 10.1038/nature05221
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information

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